Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Definition of aortic regurgitation.
Reflux of blood from aorta through aortic valve into the left ventricle
Aetiology of aortic regurgitation.
Valvular disease
- Rheumatic fever
- infective endocarditis
Aortic root disease
Key features of aortic regurgitation
- Early diastolic murmur (LSE 4th ICS)
- Collapsing pulse
- Displaced apex
- Nail bed pulsations
- Wide pulse pressure
Definition of aortic stenosis
Aortic valve is too small, narrow or stiff resulting in obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta during systole
Aetiology of aortic stenosis
Young patients –> bicuspid valve
Older patients –> calcifications
Rheumatic heart disease is next most common
Key features of aortic stenosis
- Ejection systolic murmur (RSE 2nd ICS)
- Radiates to carotids
- Low volume pulse
- Narrow pulse pressure
Definition of mitral regurgitation
Occurs when blood leaks back through mitral valve during systole
Aetiology of mitral regurgitation.
Can be due to primary valve disorder or secondary due to left ventricular dysfunction
Key features of mitral regurgitation
- Pan-systolic murmur (apex)
- Radiates to axilla
- Displaced apex
Definition of mitral stenosis
Occurs when there is obstruction to flow through the mitral valve during diastole
Aetiology of mitral stenosis
- Rheumatic fever
- Calcification related to age
- Congenital (rare)
Key features of mitral stenosis.
- Mid-diastolic murmur (apex)
- Malar flush
- Tapping apex beat with opening snap
