GI Stuff (PASSMED) Flashcards
What HLA type is strongly associated with coeliac disease?
HLA-DQ2 (present in 95% of patients)
In Wilson’s disease, where in the brain is copper mainly deposited?
Basal ganglia
Why can pancreatic injury cause retroperitoneal bleeding?
Because the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ
Where are CCK (cholecystokinin)-secreting I cells found?
Upper small intestine
What structure is formed by the merging of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct?
Ampulla of Vater
Which artery does the left colic artery branch from?
Inferior mesenteric artery
How deep does inflammation go in ulcerative colitis?
No inflammation beyond the submucosa
What part of the GI tract can Crohn’s disease affect?
Anywhere from the mouth to the anus
What is a congestive cause of hepatomegaly?
Right-sided heart failure
What lab marker may increase with NSAID use?
Faecal calprotectin
What type of bilirubin is elevated in Gilbert’s syndrome?
Unconjugated bilirubin
What causes pernicious anaemia?
Autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor and/or gastric parietal cells
Why are liver enzymes poor indicators of liver function in cirrhosis?
They may be low in end-stage disease; coagulation profile and albumin are better indicators
What organism is responsible for over 75% of duodenal ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
How can Helicobacter pylori be diagnosed?
Serology, microbiology, histology, or CLO test
What does secretin stimulate?
Bicarbonate-rich fluid secretion from pancreas and hepatic duct cells
What is the effect of gastrin on gastric parietal cells?
Increases H+ (acid) secretion
How does coeliac disease cause malabsorption?
Villous atrophy
Which artery supplies the distal third of the transverse colon?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Where are somatostatin-secreting D cells located?
Pancreas and stomach
What two symptoms point toward Wilson’s disease?
Liver and neurological disease
The cystic artery is a branch of which artery?
Right hepatic artery
What can cholestyramine interfere with?
Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
What additional effects does gastrin have besides increasing acid production?
Increases gastrointestinal motility
