valvular diseases only

Question 1

explain AS

Answer 1

systole–

narrowing of aorta restricting blood flow out causing hypertrophy of LV

Question 2

murmur heard in AS

Answer 2

• pulsus parvus/tardus
• crescendo-decrescendo
• crisp high pitch

Question 3

etiology of AS

Answer 3

• congenital
• rheumatic–> tissue inflam
• degeneration–> calcification

Question 4

explain shift of curve in AS

Answer 4

shift to the left do to compliance (from LV) decreasing

• higher contractility,
• inc Afterload on ventricle

Question 5

concentric hypertrophy signifies

Answer 5

AS

Question 6

a valve decrease to 0.8 signifies

Answer 6

AS

Question 7

a wave on LA pressure signifies

Answer 7

AS

Question 8

explain mitral regurgitation

Answer 8

systolic-

mitral valve is leaky thus causing a back flow during systole to the LA

Question 9

murmur heard in MR

Answer 9

holosystolic high pitched regurgitant murmur

Question 10

cardinal signs in AS

Answer 10

CP (5yrs) Syncope (3yrs) HF (2yrs)

Question 11

common signs and symptoms of MR

Answer 11

dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations
SOB, orthopnea, shock
-pulm edema
-CP in CAD pts

Question 12

explain aortic regurgitation

Answer 12

diastolic-

leaking of aortic valve so ventricle gets filling from BOTH aorta and LA

Question 13

signs and sx of AR

Answer 13

chronic- latent
acute- so sudden barely any sx to detect
--
Mainly from trauma
-sob

Question 14

cardinal signs of AR

Answer 14

• large LV
• dilated large aorta
• inc. SV
• dec. contractility
• WIDE pulse pressure 120/40=80*
• diastolic murmur

Question 15

what is the murmur heard in AR

Answer 15

diastolic rumble- Austin Flint murmur

Question 16

explain what is occurring in MS

Answer 16

diastolic-

narrowing of mitral valve thus causing a back flow from LA, less filling in ventricles aka dec preload

Question 17

what is the murmur heard in MS

Answer 17

late, low pitch diastolic rumble with rales, opening snap

Question 18

eccentric hypertrophy

Answer 18

AR

Question 19

no true isovolumic period exists (aka relax/contracting period exists)

Answer 19

AR

Question 20

elevated plum venous pressure with elevated RIGHT sided pressures indicative of

Answer 20

MS

Question 21

thick chordae and SMALL LV

Answer 21

MS

Question 22

low preload thus low SV is seen in

Answer 22

MS

Question 23

most common etiology in MS

Answer 23

rheumatic

then calcific, congenital and collagen

Question 24

a valve decrease <1.0 cm

Answer 24

MS

Question 25

a large Hoarsenes (Ortner syndrome) is heard in ____ and due to _____

Answer 25

MS and due to pinch on laryngeal nerve

—due to enlargement of LA

Question 26

dyspnea, fatigue and hemoptysis

Answer 26

MS