pulm disease restrictive lung disease Flashcards
what is a restrictive lung disease
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what is the most common feature in idiopathic pulm fib that leads to scarring, fibrosis, and cap obliteration
infiltration of the lung by inflammatory cells and fluid
progressive dry and persistent cough is indicative of
idiopathic pulm fibrosis
what are the major risk factors of IPF
smoking
- environment expsure to organic and inorganic dust
why is it important to ask about occupation when somebody comes in with a cough?
inhaling something at work that can lead to condition like IPF
fibrosis surrounding expanded small airspaces is seen as ____ on xrays
honeycombing; interstitial* pulm fibrosis
what are some reasons TB has reemerged*
- those with HIV
- bacterial resistance to medications
- inc international travel and emigration from areas where TB is endemic
- incr numbers in homeless ppl and drug abusers
what is the bacteria known as in TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosis (rod shaped acid fast bacilli)
how does TB spread*
via droplet transmission (airborne)
transmission of TB is influenced by (4 things)*
- number of bacilli i the droplets
- virulence of the bacilli
- degree of ventilation,
- occasions of aerosolization
where are the majority of bacilli trapped in?
upper parts of the airways where mucus secreting goblet cells exist
how does cilia of the cells work to prevent infection in most ppl with TB?
they beat the mucus and its entrapped particles up for removal
if the bacili in the droplets bypass the mucociliary system, phagocytosis by macrophages occurs which leads to what 2 types of TB?*
Latent TB
or
Primary progressive tb
what can you find on a cxr on a pt positive for TB?
Ghon complex
what is the function of formation of granulomas around organisms?
further growth is restricted and latency develops
