other cardio diseases

Question 1

most common problem in coronary artery disease CAD

Answer 1

atherosclerosis

-sob, diaphoresis, n/v

Question 2

pt taking cocaine and low supply/deman of O2 –> signifies

Answer 2

CAD

Question 3

explain process in atherosclerosis

Answer 3

1) plt aggregates
2) smooth muscle cells migrate to intima and multiply
3) endothelial cells regenerate to recover (thickening)
4) plaque (thrombi)
5) rupture –> lead to MI

Question 4

thromboxane A2, serotonin and endolial dysfxn can all cause a ___ in blood flow seen in _____ disease

Answer 4

decrease

-CAD

Question 5

“stunned” myocardiyn

Answer 5

restorations after LONG periods of ischemia

Question 6

persisting period of CP can lead to

Answer 6

IM

Question 7

pt severe cp worse with inspiration is significant of

Answer 7

Pericarditis

Question 8

to and fro rub with high pitch is indicative of

Answer 8

pericarditis

Question 9

kussmal sign

Answer 9

increase of JVP with inspiration RAP too

*Pericarditis

Question 10

calcium can lead to

Answer 10

scarring

Question 11

diastolic knock

Answer 11

filling is normal but suddenly stops due to the stiffness in pericarditis
-makes v wave noticeable

seen in pericarditis

Question 12

becks triad and where is it seen

Answer 12

-hypotension
-elevated JVP
-muffled heart sounds
——————
Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade

Question 13

arteriole is to _____ pressure as venue is to _____ pressure seen in capillary occlusion

Answer 13

1) hydrostatic

2) oncotic

Question 14

what is the most potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 14

endothelia-L1

Question 15

most potent vasodilator

Answer 15

NOS

Question 16

diff b/w BNP and ANP

Answer 16

bnp is in ventricles, and ANP is in atrium myocyte stretch

Question 17

vasodilator vs vasoconstriction

• prostacyclin
• thromboxane
• NO
• endothelin
• norepi +epi
• kinins
• Natriuretics

Answer 17

vasoconstrictors:
thromboxane, endothelia, norepi + epi,

Vasodilators:
prostacyclin, NO, kinins, natriuretics,

Question 18

c-reactive protein is a marker of

Answer 18

inflammation or plaques

Question 19

oxidized LDLs inhibit

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

chylomicron

Answer 20

protein coat of lipids

Question 21

estrogen can remove ___ but also ___ blood clots

Answer 21

cholesterol; increase

Question 22

homocysteine is seen in ____ and metabolized enzymes dependent on these 4 supplements

Answer 22

atherosclerosis ; B6, B12, folic acid

Question 23

what is and where is homans syndrome is seen in

Answer 23

calf pain at dorsiflexion of foot; DVT

Question 24

4 types of shock

Answer 24

hypovolumic
distributive
cardiogenic
obstructive

Question 25

Virchows triad

Answer 25

1) endothelial damage
2) Abnl blood flow
3) inc coag of blood
—–
seen in thrombosis/dvt

Question 26

canalization

Answer 26

new lumen form within the thrombus to make hole for blood to get through

in thrombosis

Question 27

left vs right sided embolization

Answer 27

left–> stroke out to the cerebral
right –> PE (coming from DVT to lungs)
—
thrombosis

Question 28

what’s affected in DVT

Answer 28

lower extremities and pelvis

Question 29

capacitance vs resistance vessels

Answer 29

resistance- arteries

capacitance- veins

Question 30

explain RAAS activation

Answer 30

angiotensin 2 stimulates aldosterone -> Na resorption and K excretion–> inc volume and BP

Question 31

two important cytokines

Answer 31

interleukins and tumor necrosis factor

-role in hyperr=trophy and apoptosis