pulm disease- chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 1

a hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms on an xray, inc ap chest indicates

Answer 1

emphysema

Question 2

what is the main clinical difference between chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Answer 2

bronchitis has a productive cough

Question 3

what is more commonly diagnosed, bronchitis or emphysema?

Answer 3

bronchitis (2/3)

emphysema (1/3)

Question 4

what remains the principal cause of COPD

Answer 4

cigarette smoking

Question 5

what is another reason to cause severe emphysema on a person who has never smoked?

Answer 5

alpha 1 - protease (alpha antitrypsin) inhibitor
-reduces circulating and tissue levels

Question 6

in chronic bronchitis the normal ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the conducting airways is replaced with _______

Answer 6

PAtch squamous metaplasia –> decreased mucociliary clearance

Question 7

thickened airway walls ____ the size of the lumen. leading to a _____ amount of air entering and exiting the lungs quickly (FEV1) and also _____ the ____ that gasses have to travel in order to diffuse properly

Answer 7

essentially theres o2

Question 8

XRAY: increased lung volumes, tram track lines due to bronchial thickening, enlarged cardiac size(right heard vol. overload) indicates…

Answer 8

chronic bronchitis

Question 9

crackles when breathing can be due to

Answer 9

chronic bronchi

Question 10

chronic hypoxemia can result in an inc in RBCs which can be indicative of

Answer 10

COPD

Question 11

chronic bronchitis is a disease of the airway flow vs emphysema _____

Answer 11

loss of recoil to support distal airways during expansion

Question 12

permanent inflammation and destruction of the alveolar walls leading to enlarged spaces indicates

Answer 12

emphysema

Question 13

what is the difference between centriacinar emphysema and panacinar emphysema

Answer 13

2 patterns of acinar destruction (aka alveoli aka emphysema)

centriacinar: destruction occurs in the CENTER of acinus, sparing the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
- – due to prolonged smoking
panacinar: global destruction of the acinus with diffuse airspace distension; associated with alpha 1- antitrypsin deficiency *Genetic dz**

Question 14

bullous emphysema

Answer 14

bullae create greater local destruction or progression of lung units
– can compress surrounding lung tissue

Question 15

where is an AP chest (barrel chest) mostly seen in? and why? what do they use to compensate breathing?

Answer 15

emphysema, because lung vol increases- inc air is trapped in the lungs since cant go through alveoli
– accessory chest muscles are used,

Question 16

a thin, wasted apperance is mainly seen in

Answer 16

emphysema