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Clin Pathology > derm > Flashcards

derm Flashcards

1
Q

what are adnexal structures

A

eccrine and folliculosebaceous units

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2
Q

what is used to identify the two important skin layers and what are the layers

A

light microscope and epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

where do exocrine sweat glands OPEN

A

epidermis

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4
Q

dermis layer is known as the ___ tissue

A

connective

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5
Q

name the four layers of the epidermis in order

A

cornified layer, granular layer, spinous layer, basal layer

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6
Q

which layer has ample cytoplasm and prominent desmosomes

A

spinous layer

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7
Q

which layer has cuboidal germinative keratinocytes

A

basal layer

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8
Q

which layer results from accumulation of keratin complexes and other structural proteins

A

granular layer

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9
Q

what are the dendritic cells found in epidermis

A

melanocytes and langerhans cells

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10
Q

what cells are helpful against UV ray light

A

melanocytes

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11
Q

what cells are for immunity or bone marrow derived antigen presenting cells

A

langerhan cells

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12
Q

which layer of the skin serves as the integrity of the skin or the scaffolding that supports the complex neurovascular networks composed of collagen types 1 and 3

A

dermis layer

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of skin diseases

A

inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic

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14
Q

area of increased or decreased pigmenatation NO elevation or depression; LESS than 1 cm

A

macule

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15
Q

a macule type lesion that is bigger

A

patch

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16
Q

what type of skin disease is acne; LESS than 0.5 cm

A

papule

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17
Q

skin disease formed by a confluence of papules

A

plaque

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18
Q

what is lichentification

A

surface is rough and thick; a plaque

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19
Q

define pruritic

A

itchy

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20
Q

what skin disease is associated with pruritic disorders

A

plaque; chronic eczema and atopic dermatitis

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21
Q

small fluid filled lesion LESS than 1 cm

A

vesicles

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22
Q

circumcised collection of free fluid, bigger than vesicle called

A

bulla

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23
Q

a vesicle or bulla that contains purulent fluid (exudate) is called

A

pustule

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24
Q

both bulla and vesicle are considered_____

A

blisters

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25
Q

when the epidermis separates from the dermis, a pool of lymph and other body fluids collect between 2 layers while the skin regrows underneath is known as

A

blister

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26
Q

solid, circular lesions GREATER than 1 cm is called

A

nodules

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27
Q

another name for urticarial exanthem

A

wheal

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28
Q

a dermatographism “writing on the skin” or common hive rxn makes a __

A

wheal

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29
Q

what is dariers sign and where is it seen

A

gentle rubbing or stroking of the lesions followed by local itching, erythema and wheal formain in 2-5 min

–
seen in wheals

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30
Q

what does NOT have epidermal involvelemnt

A

wheal

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31
Q

an encapsulated lesion filled with fluid or semisolid material, is palpable

A

cyst

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32
Q

a collection of pus

A

abscess

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33
Q

dried serum or exudate on the skin

A

crusts

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34
Q

in cursts what color does blood appear? serum? pus?

A

brown, yellow, green

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35
Q

what is impetigo and where is it seen?

A

honey crusted lesion; crusts

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36
Q

abnormal areas of increased rate of epidermal cell proliferation seen on stratum corneum

A

scales

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37
Q

what is the difference between erosion and ulcer

A

ulcer- loss of skin extending to epi and dermis; SCAR

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38
Q

small enlarged blood vessels near the surface of the skin seen often in alcoholics

A

telangiectasias

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39
Q

petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymosis

A

small(broken capillary, bigger (bleeding under skin), bruising

40
Q

what does not blanch under pressure mean and where is it seen

A

it wont change colors when you push on it; petechiae vs purpura vs ecchymosis

41
Q

what could be present after blisters rupture

A

crusts

42
Q

solid lesion with elevation and depth plus or minus in pigmentation

A

tumor

43
Q

hookworm type of skin is called

A

serpiginous lesion

44
Q

have plaques

A

psoriasiform dermatitis

45
Q

what dermatitis are rete ridges found in

A

psoriasis

46
Q

how is psorisis caused

A

most likely due to infection and injury; could be genetics

47
Q

what does squirting dermal papillae mean and where is it seen

A

in psoriasis; migration of neutrophils from the dermal papillae into the overlying epidermis

48
Q

what is parakeratotic hyperkeratosis

A

extra keratin forming in psoriasis

49
Q

where can psoriasis occur

A

nail beds and matrix; extremities

50
Q

only extracutaneous manifestation of psoriasis involving the joints is known as ___

A

psoriatic arthritis

51
Q

inflammatory skin disease in which the junction between the papillary dermis and epidermis is obscured

A

interface dermatitis

52
Q

lichen planus vs erythema multiforme

A

lichen: chronic interface derm
ery: acute interface derm

53
Q

interface dermatitis is characterized by ___ and ____ infiltrates in basal layer

A

vacuoles and lymphocyte

54
Q

where are pruritic polygonal purple papules seen in

A

lichen planus in interface dermatitis

55
Q

what is wickhams striae

A

minute whitish streaks found on lesion surfaces on lichen planus

56
Q

which condition will invade mucous membranes

A

interface: lichen planus AND eythema mult.

57
Q

where do arcal surfaces occur and where are they seen?

A

distal portions of limbs –> erythema multiforme

58
Q

what do erythema multiforme lesions look like

A

zones of inflammatory rxn and damage

59
Q

lichen planus lesions are composed of CD8 while erythema multifrome are composed of ____

A

cd4 AND cd8

60
Q

meds trigger both lichen and erythema mult. but whats another infection for erythema

A

HSV

61
Q

EM minor vs EM major

A

minor- limited mucosal involvement

major- prominent involvement of 2/3 mucosal sites

62
Q

what are the mucosal sites involved in EM major?

A

oral, anogenital, conjuctival

63
Q

steven johnson syndrome

A

EM

64
Q

toxic epidermal necroslysis

A

large areas of skin and mucosa become necrotic with secondary vesiculation

65
Q

what is bullous pemphigoiid

A

blistering disease in which tense fluid filled spaces develop within erythematous, inflamed skin

66
Q

pemphigoid vs pemphigus

A

better prognosis with GOID (goid)

67
Q

pre-eruptive or urticarial bullous pemphigoid

A

vesiculbullous

68
Q

what kind of pattern is seen in vasculitits

A

palpable purpura

69
Q

vasculitis is an inflammatory disorder affecting what

A

small blood vessels

70
Q

how does leukocytoclastic vasculitis form

A

making it erythematous and purpuric in quality

71
Q

what lesion is most common in vasculitis

A

purpuric *

but can also be vesicopustules, necrotic papules and ulcers

72
Q

spongiotic dermatitis are usually

A

papules, vesicles and bullae

73
Q

allergic contact dermatitis is an example of

A

spongiotic dermatitis

74
Q

waht does the ter spongiosis refer to

A

the edema of the epidermis which separates keratinocytes from one another

75
Q

a delayed type four hypersensistivity rxn is seen ins what dermatitis

A

spongiotic in allergic contact derm

76
Q

first exposure in type 4 hypersensitivity rxn may not yield a rxn but the pt is now ____

A

sensitized

77
Q

explain the two phaes of delayed type IV hypersensitivity rxn

A

introduction phase:
Allergen binds to endogenous protein creating foreign protein, langerhan cells engulf complex and tcell recpots bind w/o rxn –> pt sensitized
elicitation phase:
antigen appears again, langerhan cells process and t cell recognize that antigen from before so inflammatory cytokines create and amiplication loop leading to dermatitis rxn

78
Q

WHAT IS the most common form of panniculitits

A

erythema nodosum

79
Q

what pattern is more seen in women and can be caused by strep pharyngitis or hormones (OCs w estrogen, or IBS

A

panniculitis

80
Q

a pattern due to a form of autoimmune disease where immunoglobins and complement are in the junction of bullous pemphigoing is known as

A

vesiculobullous dermatitis

81
Q

what pattern involves inflammation of the fat under the skin

A

panniculitis

82
Q

what does the septal and lobular have to do with panniculitis

A

inflammation occurs in septal divisions and fat necrosis can spread to the sc lobules

83
Q

foamy lipid laden macrophages or small stellate clefts within the macrophages can eb found in

A

the lobules in panniculitis

84
Q

____ can be a sign of sarcoidoisis

A

panniculitis

85
Q

cutaneous sarcoidosis is an example of

A

nodular dermatitis

86
Q

what pattern is a life threatening lung disease

A

nodular dermatitis aka cuteaneous sarcoidosis

87
Q

TB can cause what pattern

A

nodular dermatitis or cutaneous sarcoidosis

88
Q

cd8 vs cd4

A

cd4 helper cells direct the immune response and cd8 suppressor cells limit the extent of response

89
Q

lofgrens sydnrom and lupus pernio can be indicative of

A

nodular pattern in cutaneous sarcoidosis

90
Q

acne is seen in what pattern

A

folliculitits

91
Q

where is cutibacterium found

A

in acne in folliculitits

92
Q

how does follicular plugging occur

A

keratinocytes become sticky and fail to slough

93
Q

what is a food source for C acne

A

sebum leading to bacterial overgrowth

94
Q

follicular ruptre and intense 2 degree rxn may creat ____

A

scarring

95
Q

how does folliculitis occur in neonates

A

inc in sebum production from enlarged sebaceous glands

96
Q

what syndrome can be present in follicultits

A

stein leventhal syndrome PCOS

and SAPHO syndrome

Clin Pathology (8 decks)

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