Valvular disease Flashcards
What is the New York Heart Association Functional Classification?
It is a grading system for heart disease based on activity levels
What are the 4 classifications?
- Class 1I - no limitation
- class II - slight limitation of ordinary activity
- Class III- Marked limitation of less than ordinary activity
- class IV - severe limitation of minimal activity or at rest
What is a pan systolic murmur?
It has the same volume through the 1st and 2nd heart sounds.
Occurs in mitral regurgitation
What is an ejection systolic murmur?
A sound that increases in loudness from the 1st heart sound to the second heart sound
Occurs in mitral stenosis
What are the two types of diastolic murmur?
-early and late diastolic murmur
Which type of diastolic murmur is mitral stenosis?
-mid diastolic rumbling murmur
If aortic stenosis were to radiate, where would it radiate to?
-carotids
If mitral regurgitation were to radiate, where would it radiate to?
-axilla
Describe the grading of murmurs
I- Very quiet II- Quiet without thrill III- loud without thrill IV - loud with thrill V- very loud with thrill VI - audible without steth
What does inspiration do to murmurs?
Increased venous return on inspiration causes louder right sided murmurs
What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis?
degeneration of the valve
What are the characteristics of aortic stenosis?
- thickened leaflets
- degenerates with age
- related to same mechanism that causes atherosclerosis (not conclusive evidence)
- will not open properly due to wear which results in aortic stenosis
What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?
- breathlessness
- chest pain
- dizziness/syncope
What are the signs of aortic stenosis?
- low volume pulse
- forceful displaced apex
- ejection systolic murmur which can radiate to the carotids
if an aortic stenosis is symptomatic what does that indicate?
It means it is significant
What causes pain in aortic stenosis?
- Not sufficient CO therefore can start to develop LVH meaning more muscle mass.
- This leads to a mismatch in demand and supply
- Causing angina like chest pain