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Cardiology > Anatomy of heart > Flashcards

Anatomy of heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for hilar lymph nodes?

A

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

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2
Q

What nerve sits anteriorly to the hilum?

A

phrenic nerve

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3
Q

What nerve sits posteriorly to the hilum?

A

vagus nerve

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4
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium, parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium

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5
Q

What is epicardium another name for?

A

visceral serous pericardium

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6
Q

What is a cardiac tamponade?

A

Excess fluid in the pericardial sack which leads to increased pressure on the heart meaning it doesnt pump normally.

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7
Q

What is pericardiocentesis used for?

A

To remove fluid fro the pericardial sack

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8
Q

How do you do a pericardiocentesis?

A

Advance a needle below the subcostal angle and advancing while aspirating until fluid is reacged.

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9
Q

Where does the transverse pericardial sinus lie?

A

Behind the pulmonary trunk, behind the asending aorta and in front of the superior vena cava

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10
Q

Why is isolating the transverse pericardial sinus important for cardiac surgeons?

A

Allows the isolation of the great vessels in order to commence cardiopulmonary bypass.

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11
Q

What are the clinically important surfaces of the heart?

A

anterior, inferior and base

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12
Q

What are the clinically important borders of the heart?

A

left and right

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13
Q

What lies on the right heart border?

A

Right atrium

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14
Q

What lies on the inferior surface?

A

Right ventricle

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15
Q

What lies on the left border?

A

Left atrium

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16
Q

What are auricles?

A

Extensions of the atria. They are capacity builders.

17
Q

What is the role of the azygos vein?

A

It is a drainage mechanism for the intercostal veins

18
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

right marginal branch and posterior intraventricular artery

19
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Left marginal artery and circumflex

20
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

a short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

21
Q

What do the grooves on the heart surfaces indicate?

A

the positions of the cardiac septum which divides the heart into a right and left side.

22
Q

What is the interatrial septum?

A

Wall between the atria

23
Q

What is the intraventricular septum?

A

Wall between the ventricles

24
Q

What is an atrial septal defect?

A

Damage to the wall between atrias

25
Q

What is a ventricular septal defect?

A

Damage to the wall between the ventricles

26
Q

What is the bad thing about septal defects?

A

Mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood leading to lowered oxygen content in systemic arterial blood in the aorta (hypoxaemia)

27
Q

WWhat is the crista terminalis?

A

It is what separates rough muscular surface texture from smooth surface area on the interior of the right atrium

28
Q

What is an oval fossa?

A

Depression in the smooth muscle on the interior if the right atrium

29
Q

What are the three cusps in the tricuspid valve called?

A

Anterior posterior and septal

30
Q

What are the small openings in the aortic valve?

A

sinuses, where coronary arteries arise from

31
Q

What are the papillary muscles?

A

Muscles on the wall of the ventricles

32
Q

What are the tndinous cords?

A

What connect the leaflets of the valves to the wall of the chamber

33
Q

What are the role of tendinous cords and papillary muscles?

A

prevent reflux of the leaflets fro, bicuspid and tricuspid valves back into the atrium

34
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

Shortcut for electrical activity so that all three cupids contract and close that tricuspid valve at the same time

Cardiology (32 decks)

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