Anatomy of heart Flashcards
What is another name for hilar lymph nodes?
bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
What nerve sits anteriorly to the hilum?
phrenic nerve
What nerve sits posteriorly to the hilum?
vagus nerve
What are the layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium, parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium
What is epicardium another name for?
visceral serous pericardium
What is a cardiac tamponade?
Excess fluid in the pericardial sack which leads to increased pressure on the heart meaning it doesnt pump normally.
What is pericardiocentesis used for?
To remove fluid fro the pericardial sack
How do you do a pericardiocentesis?
Advance a needle below the subcostal angle and advancing while aspirating until fluid is reacged.
Where does the transverse pericardial sinus lie?
Behind the pulmonary trunk, behind the asending aorta and in front of the superior vena cava
Why is isolating the transverse pericardial sinus important for cardiac surgeons?
Allows the isolation of the great vessels in order to commence cardiopulmonary bypass.
What are the clinically important surfaces of the heart?
anterior, inferior and base
What are the clinically important borders of the heart?
left and right
What lies on the right heart border?
Right atrium
What lies on the inferior surface?
Right ventricle
What lies on the left border?
Left atrium
What are auricles?
Extensions of the atria. They are capacity builders.
What is the role of the azygos vein?
It is a drainage mechanism for the intercostal veins
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
right marginal branch and posterior intraventricular artery
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
Left marginal artery and circumflex
What is the coronary sinus?
a short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium
What do the grooves on the heart surfaces indicate?
the positions of the cardiac septum which divides the heart into a right and left side.
What is the interatrial septum?
Wall between the atria
What is the intraventricular septum?
Wall between the ventricles
What is an atrial septal defect?
Damage to the wall between atrias
What is a ventricular septal defect?
Damage to the wall between the ventricles
What is the bad thing about septal defects?
Mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood leading to lowered oxygen content in systemic arterial blood in the aorta (hypoxaemia)
WWhat is the crista terminalis?
It is what separates rough muscular surface texture from smooth surface area on the interior of the right atrium
What is an oval fossa?
Depression in the smooth muscle on the interior if the right atrium
What are the three cusps in the tricuspid valve called?
Anterior posterior and septal
What are the small openings in the aortic valve?
sinuses, where coronary arteries arise from
What are the papillary muscles?
Muscles on the wall of the ventricles
What are the tndinous cords?
What connect the leaflets of the valves to the wall of the chamber
What are the role of tendinous cords and papillary muscles?
prevent reflux of the leaflets fro, bicuspid and tricuspid valves back into the atrium
What is the moderator band?
Shortcut for electrical activity so that all three cupids contract and close that tricuspid valve at the same time
