Anatomy of heart

Question 1

What is another name for hilar lymph nodes?

Answer 1

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Question 2

What nerve sits anteriorly to the hilum?

Answer 2

phrenic nerve

Question 3

What nerve sits posteriorly to the hilum?

Answer 3

vagus nerve

Question 4

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 4

fibrous pericardium, parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium

Question 5

What is epicardium another name for?

Answer 5

visceral serous pericardium

Question 6

What is a cardiac tamponade?

Answer 6

Excess fluid in the pericardial sack which leads to increased pressure on the heart meaning it doesnt pump normally.

Question 7

What is pericardiocentesis used for?

Answer 7

To remove fluid fro the pericardial sack

Question 8

How do you do a pericardiocentesis?

Answer 8

Advance a needle below the subcostal angle and advancing while aspirating until fluid is reacged.

Question 9

Where does the transverse pericardial sinus lie?

Answer 9

Behind the pulmonary trunk, behind the asending aorta and in front of the superior vena cava

Question 10

Why is isolating the transverse pericardial sinus important for cardiac surgeons?

Answer 10

Allows the isolation of the great vessels in order to commence cardiopulmonary bypass.

Question 11

What are the clinically important surfaces of the heart?

Answer 11

anterior, inferior and base

Question 12

What are the clinically important borders of the heart?

Answer 12

left and right

Question 13

What lies on the right heart border?

Answer 13

Right atrium

Question 14

What lies on the inferior surface?

Answer 14

Right ventricle

Question 15

What lies on the left border?

Answer 15

Left atrium

Question 16

What are auricles?

Answer 16

Extensions of the atria. They are capacity builders.

Question 17

What is the role of the azygos vein?

Answer 17

It is a drainage mechanism for the intercostal veins

Question 18

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 18

right marginal branch and posterior intraventricular artery

Question 19

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 19

Left marginal artery and circumflex

Question 20

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 20

a short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

Question 21

What do the grooves on the heart surfaces indicate?

Answer 21

the positions of the cardiac septum which divides the heart into a right and left side.

Question 22

What is the interatrial septum?

Answer 22

Wall between the atria

Question 23

What is the intraventricular septum?

Answer 23

Wall between the ventricles

Question 24

What is an atrial septal defect?

Answer 24

Damage to the wall between atrias

Question 25

What is a ventricular septal defect?

Answer 25

Damage to the wall between the ventricles

Question 26

What is the bad thing about septal defects?

Answer 26

Mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood leading to lowered oxygen content in systemic arterial blood in the aorta (hypoxaemia)

Question 27

WWhat is the crista terminalis?

Answer 27

It is what separates rough muscular surface texture from smooth surface area on the interior of the right atrium

Question 28

What is an oval fossa?

Answer 28

Depression in the smooth muscle on the interior if the right atrium

Question 29

What are the three cusps in the tricuspid valve called?

Answer 29

Anterior posterior and septal

Question 30

What are the small openings in the aortic valve?

Answer 30

sinuses, where coronary arteries arise from

Question 31

What are the papillary muscles?

Answer 31

Muscles on the wall of the ventricles

Question 32

What are the tndinous cords?

Answer 32

What connect the leaflets of the valves to the wall of the chamber

Question 33

What are the role of tendinous cords and papillary muscles?

Answer 33

prevent reflux of the leaflets fro, bicuspid and tricuspid valves back into the atrium

Question 34

What is the moderator band?

Answer 34

Shortcut for electrical activity so that all three cupids contract and close that tricuspid valve at the same time