Valve Disease Flashcards
what are the 4 cardiac valves?
pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve, aortic valve
where is the tricuspid valve?
between right atrium and right ventral
where is the pulmonary valve?
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
where is the mitral valve/bicuspid valve?
between let atrium and left ventricle
where is the aortic valve?
between left ventricle and aorta
who is valve disease common in?
elderly and downs
what causes valve disease?
congenital abnormality, myocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, dilation of the aortic root
what is rheumatic fever?
immunological reaction to streptococci
give an example of a congenital abnormality which causes valve disease
the normal tricuspid aortic valve is instead only a biscuspid valve and does not form the extra part
what side of the heart valves most commonly fail?
left
what are the left side heart valve failures called
aortic stenosis and incompetence, mitral stenosis and incompetence
what does valve stenosis do?
narrows the valve opening which limits the amount of blood leaving the heart
what investigation is used for heart valve disease?
doppler ultrasound scan
what does a doppler ultrasound scan do?
measures whether blood is going away from the probe or towards the probe
when is valve replacement done?
before there is evidence of heart failure
what are the types of heart valves
mechanical and porcine
what is the extra precaution needed for patients with mechanical valves?
on anticoagulants
what are the NICE guidelines for endocarditis infection risk?
maximise oral health, be sensitive to patient and surgeon needs, be aware of international disagreement in this area, sometimes antibiotics are given
summarise metal valves
longer clinical life (30yrs), require warfarin anticoagulant, consider antibiotic prophylaxis, make a ticking noise
summarise tissue valves
shorter clinical life (less than 10yrs), no need for anticoagulant, consider antibiotic prophylaxis, silent action
