Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
what are the congenital heart defects?
atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, great vessel malformations
what diseases is finger clubbing seen in?
congenital cyanotic heart disease, infective endocarditis, atrial myxoma, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, broncheictasis, inflammatory bowel diseases and liver cirrhosis
when does cyanosis exist?
when there is 5g/dl or more of deoxygenated Hb in the blood
when is central cyanosis seen?
congenital heart disease
what happens in congenital heart disease?
poor oxygenation of the blood, oxygenated ad deoxygenated mixing
what does it feel like with peripheral cyanosis?
cold
what does central cyanosis look like?
warm body tissues are blue (tongue and lips)
what is seen in peripheral cyanosis?
cold extremities, vascular spasm (reynauds disease)
what investigation is used for congenital defects?
doppler ultrasound
where are the atrial septal defects?
between left and right atria
what is the blood flow like with atrial septal defects and why?
blood flows from left to right (oxygenated and deoxygenated mix) and then flows back up to the lungs as the pressure in the left is greater than right
does an atrial septal defect present with central cyanosis
no
what is the commonest ventricular septal defect?
between the ventricles
where does the blood flow with ventricular septal defects?
into the right hand side and up pulmonary artery
does ventricular septal defect present with cyanosis?
no
which septal defect has a higher endocarditis risk?
ventricular
how do you close septal defects?
some shrink naturally, open heart surgery, patch repair over the defect, insertion of mesh on each side of the defect by arterial access
what is coarctation of the aorta?
narrowing of aorta after carotid artery on the left side has exited or ductus arteriosus in foetus which has constricted but continues around aorta more than it should
what is the consequences of a coarctation of the aorta
restricted blood flow to the lower parts of the body
what is a patent ductus arteriosus?
the ductus arteriosus fails to close so blood flows through the aorta and back into the heart and lungs
what risk do patent ductus arteriosus patients have?
endocarditis
