Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypertension?

A

raised BP of > 140/90 mmHg

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2
Q

how many measurements of BP is taken with hypertension?

A

3 separate measurements when sitting and rested

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3
Q

what are the risk factors for hypertension?

A

age, race, obesity, alcohol, family history, pregnancy, stress, drugs

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4
Q

what drugs are risk factors for hypertension?

A

non-steroidal, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, sympathomimetics

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5
Q

what are the outcomes from hypertension?

A

accelerated atherosclerosis - MI, stroke, peripheral vascular disease
renal failure

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6
Q

what is the common trigger for hypertension?

A

likely genetic failure of autoregulation control of blood vessel wall constriction

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7
Q

what are the rare triggers for hypertension?

A

renal artery stenosis, endocrine tumours

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8
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypertension?

A

usually none, may get a headache, may get transient ischaemic attacks

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9
Q

what are the indications for further investigations in hypertension?

A

young patient, resistant hypertension despite adequate treatment, accelerated hypertension, unusual history

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10
Q

what is a phaeochromocytoma?

A

adrenergic tumour releasing adrenaline into system causing hypertension in the adrenal gland

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11
Q

what is Cushing’s syndrome

A

excess water in the system

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12
Q

what is renal artery stenosis?

A

narrowing of blood flow into kidney making the kidney autoregulation system think that the fluid volume has decreased so it will release more water into the system

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13
Q

what investigations are used in hypertension?

A

urinalysis, serum biochemistry, serum lipids, ECG, renal ultrasound, renal angiography, hormone estimations

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14
Q

what is the aim of treating hypertension?

A

to get the BP < 120/90mmHg

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15
Q

what is the treatment for hypertension?

A

modifying the risk factors, single daily dose of medicine

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16
Q

what risk factors are modified in treating hypertension?

A

weight loss and exercise

17
Q

what are the drugs used to treat hypertension?

A

thiazide diuretic, beta blocker, calcium channel antagonist, ACE inhibitor

18
Q

what do you monitor with hypertension?

A

blood biochemistry effects of drugs - sodium and potassium changes and dehydration

19
Q

why do you monitor hypertension?

A

treatment need changes overtime