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Cardiovascular Medicine BDS2 > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs are used to prevent further disease?

A

antiplatelets, lipid lowering, anti-arrhythmics, anticoagulants, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors

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2
Q

what drugs are used to reduce symptoms of current disease?

A

diuretics, anti-arrhythmics, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, ACE-inhibitors

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3
Q

what are the anti-platelet drugs?

A

aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole

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4
Q

what does aspirin do?

A

inhibit platelet aggregation

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5
Q

what does clopidogrel do?

A

inhibit ADP induce platelet aggregation

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6
Q

what does dipyridamole do?

A

inhibit platelet phosphodiesterase

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7
Q

what are the effects of anti-platelet drugs?

A

significantly reduce chance of heart attack or stroke, prolong bleeding time after extraction

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8
Q

how are anti-platelet drugs used?

A

in combination to increase the effect

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9
Q

what are the oral anticoagulants?

A

warfarin, rivaroxiban, apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban

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10
Q

what does warfarin do?

A

inhibit synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

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11
Q

what happens when initially prescribing warfarin?

A

hypercoagulation for 2-3 days so use heparin as well initially

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12
Q

how is warfarin managed?

A

with INR test

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13
Q

what is the desired INR value for a patient on warfarin?

A

2-4

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14
Q

what are the dental cautions considering warfarin?

A

get INR test before procedures, local haemostatic measures, ID block, assume all drugs interact with warfarin

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15
Q

if the patient is on a short course of new anti-coagulants what should you do?

A

postpone extractions until course stopped

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16
Q

what are other drugs preventing CV disease?

A

statins, beta-adrenergic blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors

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17
Q

name 3 lipid lowering drugs

A

simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin

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18
Q

what do the statins do?

A

inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver

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19
Q

what are the side effects of statins

A

myositis with some drug interactions including dental antifungals - fluconazole

20
Q

name 2 B blockers

A

atenolol, propranolol

21
Q

what do B blockers do?

A

stop arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest and reduce heart muscle excitability, prevent increase in heart rate, reduce heart efficiency, block beta receptors in lungs

22
Q

what CVS disease can B blockers make worse?

A

heart failure due to reduced heart efficiency

23
Q

name the two types of diuretics

A

thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics

24
Q

what are diuretics used for?

A

antihypertension and heart failure

25
Q

what do diuretics do?

A

increase salt and water loss

26
Q

what are the side effects of diuretics?

A

can lead to Na/K imbalance if not monitored carefully

27
Q

what is the oral side effect of diuretics?

A

dry mouth

28
Q

what are the two types of nitrate?

A

short acting and long acting

29
Q

what is the commonly used short acting nitrate?

A

glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)

30
Q

what is the long acting nitrate?

A

isosorbide mononitrate

31
Q

what are nitrates used for?

A

short acting - emergency management of angina pectoris, long-acting - prevention of angina pectoris

32
Q

what do nitrates do?

A

dilate veins, dilate resistance arteries, dilate colateral coronary artery supply

33
Q

what is the effect of nitrates on the CVS

A

reduce preload to heart, reduce cardiac workload, reduce cardiac oxygen consumption, reduce anginal pain

34
Q

how do you administer GTN spray?

A

sublingual

35
Q

what are the side effects of nitrates?

A

headache and hypotension

36
Q

what do calcium channel blockers treat?

A

hypertension and migraines

37
Q

what do calcium blockers do?

A

block calcium channels in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

38
Q

what is the effect of calcium channel blockers?

A

relaxation and vasodilation, slow conduction of pacing impulses

39
Q

give an example of a calcium channel blocker

A

nifedipine, amlodipine

40
Q

what can calcium channel blockers lead to?

A

gingival hyperplasia

41
Q

give 3 examples of ACE inhibitors

A

enalapril, ramapril, lisinopril

42
Q

what do ACE inhibitors do?

A

inhibit conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 and prevent aldosterone dependent reabsorption of salt and water

43
Q

what are the effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

reduced blood pressure, reduced excess salt and water retention

44
Q

what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

cough and hypotension

45
Q

what are the oral reactions with ACE inhibitors?

A

angio-oedema, lichenoid reaction

Cardiovascular Medicine BDS2 (12 decks)

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