Valve disease

Question 1

what are common valve abnormalities?

Answer 1

wear and tear
calcification
pannus (problem with ring resulting in inability to open or close completely)
endocarditis
thrombus
stenosis
regurgitatio

Question 2

what is aortic stenosis?

Answer 2

blood is unable to freely flow from the left ventricle to the aorta during stenosis

Question 3

what are common clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis?

Answer 3

can be asymptomatic
syncope
lightheadedness
chest pain
pulmonary edema - crackles / rhonchi, cough, pulmonary congestion

Question 4

what are the symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation?

Answer 4

fatigue, SOA

Question 5

what is infective endocarditis?

Answer 5

infection of the valve itself or vegetation on the valve (the vegetation can cause the valves not to open / close correctly and can even break off and get into the circulation)

Question 6

what is the most common valve affected by infective endocarditis?

Answer 6

tricuspid valve

Question 7

what are the common risk factors for infective endocarditis?

Answer 7

prosthetic valve
pacemaker
IV drug user

Question 8

what are the common symptoms of bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 8

fever, chills
anorexia
weight loss
myalgias
arthralgia
heart murmur
*the vegetation can dislodge and travel to other organs - s/s of ischemia / infarction in extremities including brain (meningitis, seizures, encephalopathy, ,or abscesses)

Question 9

what are clinical manifestations of septic emboli?

Answer 9

petechiae
splinter hemorrhage
janeway lesions - red, non-tender lesions on the palms and soles
osler’s nodes - subQ nodules on fingertips
roth spots - oval retinal hemorrhage with pale centers