Drug matrix 2

Question 1

what is the MOA of the BCG vaccine?

Answer 1

stimulates an inflammatory response in the bladder with the goal of recruiting immune system to the area of the bladder to recognize cancerous cells

Question 2

what is the indication for the BCG vaccine?

Answer 2

stage 1 bladder cancer

Question 3

what are the major adverse reactions to the BCG vaccine?

Answer 3

bladder irritation and systemic infection

Question 4

what type of vaccine is the BCG vaccine?

Answer 4

live

Question 5

how often is the BCG vaccine given?

Answer 5

weekly for 6-12 weeks

Question 6

what are the instructions to administer the BCG vaccine?

Answer 6

patient must empty bladder, the vaccine must dwell in the bladder for 2 hours, patient is to change position Q15 minutes

Question 7

who is the BCG vaccine contraindicated in?

Answer 7

immunocompromised patients

Question 8

how long does the patient / nurse need to disinfect the urine of a patient receiving the BCG vaccine?

Answer 8

6 hours

Question 9

what is sodium bicarbonate given to do?

Answer 9

treat metabolic acidosis

Question 10

what is the primary adverse reaction to sodium bicarbonate?

Answer 10

bloating

Question 11

what is the goal of getting sodium bicarbonate?

Answer 11

to slow to progression of CKD, prevent bone loss, and improve nutritional status

Question 12

what is the route of sodium bicarbonate?

Answer 12

PO

Question 13

when do you initiate sodium bicarbonate for a patient?

Answer 13

when their HCO3 level is < 15

Question 14

what is the goal range for HCO3?

Answer 14

18-20

Question 15

what is the MOA of calcium carbonate?

Answer 15

binds to phosphate

Question 16

what is the indication for calcium carbonate?

Answer 16

to treat hyperphosphatemia

Question 17

what is the primary adverse effect of calcium carbonate?

Answer 17

hypercalcemia

Question 18

what lab levels are important to monitor while a patient is taking calcium carbonate?

Answer 18

calcium levels

Question 19

when would you instruct a patient to take calcium carbonate?

Answer 19

with meals

Question 20

what is the indication for calcitrol?

Answer 20

to treat renal osteodystrophy

Question 21

how does calcitrol work?

Answer 21

stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate to help with mineralization in the bones

Question 22

what is the class of pancrelipase?

Answer 22

pancreatic lipase replacement

Question 23

what is the indication of pancrealipase?

Answer 23

for reduced secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Question 24

are side effects common with pancrealipase?

Answer 24

no, they are rare

Question 25

when would you instruct a patient to take pancrealipase?

Answer 25

with meals and snacks

Question 26

what is the class for lactulose?

Answer 26

hyper osmotic laxative

Question 27

what is the MOA of lactulose?

Answer 27

reduces blood ammonia levels by converting ammonia to ammonium to remove it from the body

Question 28

what is the indication for lactulose?

Answer 28

reduction of ammonia absorption in hepatic encephalopathy

Question 29

how is lactulose given?

Answer 29

PO or enema / rectal

Question 30

how is lactulose sometimes titrated?

Answer 30

based on # of stools

Question 31

lactulose isn’t only given for high ammonia levels - what must the patient have to be able to take this medication?

Answer 31

symptoms of encephalopathy

Question 32

what lab values must be checked (not ammonia) in the case of lactulose?

Answer 32

potassium

Question 33

hypokalemia increases or decreases ammonia production?

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

what is the MOA of rifaximin?

Answer 34

inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA

Question 35

what are the side effects of rifaximin?

Answer 35

peripheral edema, nausea, ascites, dizziness, fatigue, pruritus, skin rash, abdominal pain, anemia

Question 36

what is the route of rifaximin?

Answer 36

given PO

Question 37

what should the nurse monitor for when giving rifaximin?

Answer 37

anything that could indicate the development of c . diff