Valve Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define, heart valves narrowing.

A

Valve stenosis

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2
Q

Define, heart valves that are unable to close properly.

A

Valve incompetence

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3
Q

Valves on what side of the heart are most likely to experience issues?

A

Left side of heart

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4
Q

What are the two heart valves that are most likely to experience problems and why?

A

The mitral and aortic valves. Because they are under the most pressure

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5
Q

Which individuals are most at risk of valve disease?

A
  1. Elderly
  2. Those with Down’s syndrome
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6
Q

What is the most common congenital abnormality that causes valve disease?

A

The bicuspid aortic valve, instead of the normal tricuspid valve.

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7
Q

Papillary muscle rupture can be an acute complication of MI, how may this lead to valve disease?

A

Dysfunction leads to regurgitation of blood through valves, causing backward flow of blood

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8
Q

What are the complications of rheumatic fever in regards to valve disease?

A

Rheumatic fever can cause rheumatic heart disease, leading to vegetation growing on heart valves which may become infected and can cause infective endocarditis

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9
Q

Which two conditions can cause disease of the aortic root? meaning the valve does not close properly.

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. Aneurysm formation
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10
Q

How is heart failure due to bicuspid aortic valve managed?

A

Replacement of aortic valve with prosthetic valve

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11
Q

What are the valves on the right side of the heart called?

A

Pulmonary and tricuspid valves

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12
Q

What two procedures are used to investigate valve disease?

A
  1. Ultrasound scan
  2. Doppler ultrasound scan
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13
Q

What are the two types of prosthetic valve?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Biological
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14
Q

which prosthetic valve has a longer clinical life (of up to 30 years)?

A

Mechanical valve

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15
Q

Which prosthetic valve DOES NOT require a warfarin anticoagulant?

A

Biological (tissue) valve

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16
Q

why does a mechanical valve require a warfarin anticoagulant to be taken in conjunction?

A

Because metal is present in a mechanical valve, anticoagulant must be taken to prevent blood clots from depositing onto the surface of the metal valve. This prevents embolism and problems with stroke.

17
Q

What source is a biological valve acquired from?

A

Pig

18
Q

What is the largest risk for patients with prosthetic heart valves?

A

The risk of infective endocarditis

19
Q

What should be considered and could be implemented prior to dental procedure if there is risk of infective endocarditis?

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis

20
Q

Which type of prosthetic valve has higher risk of infective endocarditis?

A

Mechanical (metal) valve