Valve Disease Flashcards
Define, heart valves narrowing.
Valve stenosis
Define, heart valves that are unable to close properly.
Valve incompetence
Valves on what side of the heart are most likely to experience issues?
Left side of heart
What are the two heart valves that are most likely to experience problems and why?
The mitral and aortic valves. Because they are under the most pressure
Which individuals are most at risk of valve disease?
- Elderly
- Those with Down’s syndrome
What is the most common congenital abnormality that causes valve disease?
The bicuspid aortic valve, instead of the normal tricuspid valve.
Papillary muscle rupture can be an acute complication of MI, how may this lead to valve disease?
Dysfunction leads to regurgitation of blood through valves, causing backward flow of blood
What are the complications of rheumatic fever in regards to valve disease?
Rheumatic fever can cause rheumatic heart disease, leading to vegetation growing on heart valves which may become infected and can cause infective endocarditis
Which two conditions can cause disease of the aortic root? meaning the valve does not close properly.
- Syphilis
- Aneurysm formation
How is heart failure due to bicuspid aortic valve managed?
Replacement of aortic valve with prosthetic valve
What are the valves on the right side of the heart called?
Pulmonary and tricuspid valves
What two procedures are used to investigate valve disease?
- Ultrasound scan
- Doppler ultrasound scan
What are the two types of prosthetic valve?
- Mechanical
- Biological
which prosthetic valve has a longer clinical life (of up to 30 years)?
Mechanical valve
Which prosthetic valve DOES NOT require a warfarin anticoagulant?
Biological (tissue) valve
why does a mechanical valve require a warfarin anticoagulant to be taken in conjunction?
Because metal is present in a mechanical valve, anticoagulant must be taken to prevent blood clots from depositing onto the surface of the metal valve. This prevents embolism and problems with stroke.
What source is a biological valve acquired from?
Pig
What is the largest risk for patients with prosthetic heart valves?
The risk of infective endocarditis
What should be considered and could be implemented prior to dental procedure if there is risk of infective endocarditis?
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Which type of prosthetic valve has higher risk of infective endocarditis?
Mechanical (metal) valve
