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Dentistry Human Disease > Cardiac Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cardiac arrhythmias?

A
  1. Tachy arrhythmias
  2. Brady arrhythmias
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2
Q

What is meant by “fibrillation”?

A

A muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibres acting without coordination

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3
Q

What two conditions involve tachy arrhythmias?

A
  • atrial fibrillation
  • ventricular tachycardia
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4
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia usually a precursor to?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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5
Q

Patients taking what type of drug will usually have bradycardia?

A

Beta-blockers

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6
Q

What type of cardiac arrhythmia could result in reduced ability of a patient to cope with postural change?

A

Bradyarrythmias

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7
Q

What is a heart block?

A

Where electrical impulses that control the beating of the heart muscle are disrupted

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8
Q

How does heart block appear on an ECG?

A

Prolonged p-q interval

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9
Q

What classifies the different levels of heart block?

A

The length of signal delay

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10
Q

How many degrees of heart block are there and which one is the ,most significant?

A

There are 3. The 3rd degree is termed complete heart block as no impulse is passed to the ventricles

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11
Q

What device can be used to aid heart block?

A

An external pacemaker

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12
Q

What happens to the diastolic ventricular filling time and coronary artery flow as heart rate increases?

A

It reduces

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13
Q

How does the QRS segment on ECG appear during atrial tacharrythmias?

A

Narrow

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14
Q

How does the QRS segment on ECG appear during ventricular tacharrythmias?

A

Broad

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15
Q

What are the “bundles of his”?

A

An elongated segment connecting the AV node and the left and right bundle branches of the septal crest

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16
Q

why are p waves usually not apparent on ECG during atrial tacharrythmias?

A

Due to disorganised atrial activity

17
Q

what type of tacharrythmia activates all of the ventricle at the same time through bundles of his?

A

Atrial tachyarrythmias

18
Q

what type of tacharrythmia arises from within the ventricle itself and spreads from one muscle fibre to another?

A

Ventricular tachyarrythmia

19
Q

Why do ventricular tachyarrythmias have a broader QRS complex than atrial tachyarrythmias?

A

Because ventricular tachyarrythmias arise from within the ventricle itself, spreading from one muscle fibre to another, it takes longer for an electrical signal to pass through all the ventricular muscle.

20
Q

In atrial fibrillation, What leads to the undulating base line on an ECG with no specific p waves?

A

Electrical activity arising throughout the atria rather than just the SA node

21
Q

What device is used to treat bradyarrythmias?

A

Cardiac pacemaker

22
Q

What is a cardiac pacemaker?

A

An electrical device implanted into the body which will look for activation of electrical activity within the heart, and if the pulse drops too low, the pacemaker will take over and cause ventricular contraction to occur

23
Q

What two circuits make up a pacemaker and what is their function?

A
  1. Sensing circuit = looks for electrical activity
  2. Pacing circuit = causes pacemaker to activate muscle if necessary
24
Q

What is the major concern over pacemakers?

A

Theoretical risk of electrical interference- the sensing circuit can be at risk from areas of electromagnetic interference

25
Q

what dental equipment poses a theoretical risk to individuals with pacemakers and why?

A

Induction scalers as they use a string electromagnetic field to vibrate the end of the scaler to remove calculus

26
Q

What device can be used to treat ventricular fibrillation?

A

Implanted defibrillator

27
Q

how does a defibrillator shock the heart out of ventricular fibrillation?

A

Uses low energy pulse to re-coordinate the electrical activity very rapidly

28
Q

What is meant by a sinus rhythm?

A

A normal rhythm

29
Q

Define, “when there is no electrical activity and the heart ceases to beat”

A

Asystole

30
Q

In a sinus rhythm, what does the p wave indicate?

A

Atrial depolarisation

31
Q

In a sinus rhythm, what does the QRS complex indicate?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

32
Q

In a sinus rhythm, what does the T wave indicate?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

33
Q

In a sinus rhythm, why is the p wave small?

A

Because there is not that much muscle present in the atria

34
Q

Define, a type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, that affects your hearts ventricles

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Dentistry Human Disease (29 decks)

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