Cardiovascuar Epidemiology & Risk Flashcards
What are the largest risk factors for CV?
Smoking and genetics
True or false?
More people die from pulmonary effects of smoking than cardiovascular effects of smoking.
False
What are irreversible risk factors for CV disease?
- Age
- Sex
- Family history
As you age, what happens to your risk of CV disease?
It increases
Which sex has a higher risk of CV disease?
Males
Why do females have a lower risk of CV disease than males? And how may this change throughout life?
This is largely due to a degree of protection from female sex hormones. However, this protection is lost at the menopause and the incidence of CV disease increases.
What are reversible patient factors of CV disease?
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Diet
- Exercise
What disease is obesity likely to promote which will work against the CV system?
Type 2 diabetes
what type of exercise improves blood pressure and vascular patency?
Regular exercise
What is hyperlipidaemia?
Elevated levels of lipids in your blood (e.g. cholesterol or triglycerides)
What is primary prevention?
Intervention before health effects/disease occurs
What is secondary prevention?
Detecting early stages of disease and intervening before full symptoms develop
what is angina?
Attacks of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to heart
What is claudication?
Pain in your thigh, calf or buttocks when you walk, that may be symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD)
What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
The narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs
