Asthma Flashcards
What condition is characterised by reversible airflow obstruction?
Asthma
What percentage of children have asthma?
5-10%
what percentage of adults have asthma?
2-5%
Which is a normal asthmatic likely to have more issues with, inspiration or expiration and why?
Expiration.
Because breathing out is a passive process compared to the powerful muscles which are able to suck in air on inspiration and overcome asthma obstruction.
which antibody triggers a B-cell/T-cell interaction causing degranulation of mast cells?
IgE
what is the consequence of degranulation of mast cells in the airway?
Narrowing of airway, oedema and excess mucous secretion
What are the three features of asthma (triad) which cause airway narrowing?
- Bronchial Smooth muscle constriction
- Mucosal oedema
- Excessive mucous secretion
What drug is an anti-IgE drug, which prevents its production, causing mast cells to degranulate?
Omalizumab
What are the three most common symptoms of asthma?
- Cough
- Wheeze
- Shortness of breath
What is meant by diurnal variation in regards to asthma symptoms?
Asthma symptoms that worsen overnight and in the early morning
What would you expect to happen to someone’s PEFR measurement if they have difficulties breathing out and their lungs fill with air?
PEFR would decrease
What are the five main triggers for asthma?
- Unknown
- Infections
- Environmental stimuli (dust, smoke, etc.)
- Cold air
- Atopy
Define, the genetic tendency to develop allergic disease
Atopy
What test can be used to see what allergens individuals have?
Skin prick test
what is meant by asthma biphasic response?
This is a two phase anaphylactic event. After someone has an asthma attack and recovers, they tend to have a response some hours later