Values & Facts I NEED to Know Flashcards
Sodium
* Normal Range
* What does it impact?
135 - 145
- Natremia = Neuro
Hyponatremia
* What is it?
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
Na+ < 135
Signs & Symptoms
* ↓ LOC
* Cerebral Edema
* Seizures
* Coma
Tx: slow fluid replacement with hypertonic solution (3% NS)
Hypernatremia
* What is it?
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
Na+ > 145
Signs & Symptoms:
* Restlessness
* Weakness
* Twitching
* Seizures
* Maybe a coma
Tx: Hypotonic Solution (0.45% NS) or D5W (if patient doesn’t have DM), encourage fluids
Potassium
* Normal Range
* What does it effect?
3.5 - 5.0
- K+ = Cardiac
Hypokalemia
* What is it?
* Causes
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
K+ < 3.0
Causes:
* vomiting
* hyperaldosteronism
* GI suction
* diarrhea
* poor GI intake
* diuretics
Signs & Symptoms:
* FLAT T-WAVES!!!!!
* Dysrhythmias
* Torsades de pointes
* Atrial Fibrillation
Tx: ↑ dietary intake of potassium, potassium supplements
Hyperkalemia
* What is it?
* Cause
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
K+ > 5.0
Causes
* impaired renal function (CKD)
* Crush injury!!!!
* Burns!
Signs & Symptoms:
* PEAKED T-WAVES!!!!
* Wide QRS complex
* Dysrhythmias
Tx:
Calcium
BIcarb
Glucose
Kayaxylate
Insulin
Dialysis
Calcium
* Normal range
* What does it effect?
8.8 - 10.4
- Ca+ = neuromuscular, cardiac, coagulation, & bone development
Hypocalcemia
* What is it?
* Cause
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
Ca+ < 8.8
Causes:
* Massive blood transfusions
* Vitamin D deficiency
Signs & Symptoms:
* Tetany
* Prolonged QT Waves
* ↑ Neuromuscular excitability
* Trousseaus Sign (flexion w/ BP cuff on)
* Chevsteks Sign (twitching of cheek)
Tx: IV calcium gluconate & vitamin D
Hypercalcemia
* What is it?
* Cause
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
Ca+ > 10.4
Causes:
* Cancer
* Breakdown of bone
Signs & Symptoms:
* Dysrhythmias
* Bone pain
* Muscle weakness
* ↓ Neuromuscular excitability
Tx: furosemide, phosphate, & bisphosphonates
Magnesium
* Normal range
* What does it effect?
1.3 - 2.3
- Mg+ = neuromuscular excitability
Hypomagnesemia
* What is it?
* Cause
* Signs & symptoms
Mg+ < 1.3
Cause:
* DKA
* Sepsis
* Burns
* Alcoholism
Signs & Symptoms
* ↑ neuromuscular excitability
Hypermagnesemia
* What is it?
* Causes
* Signs & symptoms
* Treatment
Mg+ > 2.3
Causes:
* DKA
* too much calcium
Signs & Symptoms:
* Flush
* Drowsy
* ↓ RR
* ↓ Neuromuscular excitability
Tx: calcium gluconate, loop diuretics, hemodialysis
