Value Of Glacial And Periglacial Areas

Question 1

Uses

Answer 1

Mining
Hydroelectricity
Forestry
Tourism

Question 2

Ecological values

Answer 2

Approx 75% of the world’s fresh water is locked up in ice
Glaciers are a useful source of water for irrigation
Permafrost is a major area for soil carbon storage

Question 3

Threats to upland glaciated landscapes

Answer 3

Landslides (meltwater mixed with mud and rock)
Avalanches (loose snow and slab avalanches)
Glacial outburst floods

Question 4

Glacial outburst floods (jökulhaup)

Answer 4

Powerful flood caused by the sudden discharge of a subglacial or ice moraine dammed lake

Question 5

6 ways a glacial outburst flood is triggered

Answer 5

Increased floatations of ice
Overflow and melting of an ice dam
Break down of an ice dam because of tectonic activity
Failure of moraine dam by slow melt of ice, avalanche or landslide
Overtopping of moraine by tsunami type waves caused by iceberg calving
Enlargement of pre-existing tunnels beneath an ice dam due to increased water pressure

Question 6

Sustainable exploitation

Answer 6

Targets development for profit with thought to the environment
Channels resources for the community, e.g. Fishing

Question 7

Sustainable management

Answer 7

Develop an area in a way that uses resources for the benefit of the existing community without destroying the environment

CONSERVING RESOURCES FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS WHILE STILL MEETING THE NEEDS OF TODAYS POPULATION

Question 8

Management of glacial landscapes, do nothing

Answer 8

Allow cold environments to be exploited

Question 9

Management of cold environments - Business as usual

Answer 9

Leaving the area as it currently stands but might include aspects of pre-existing sustainability like self regulation