Valley Respiratory Flashcards
What stimulates central chemoreceptors?
pH
What stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors?
The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to pH, pO2, and pCO2
pCO2 is the normal drive to breathe
pO2 is the strongest drive to breathe
What nerve carries sensory information from lung stretch receptors?
The Vagus nerve
What nerve carries sensory information from the aortic body?
The Vagus nerve
What nerve carries sensory information from the carotid bodies?
The glossopharyngeal nerve
Except for the cricothyroid muscle, the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by what motor nerve?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What muscles adduct the vocal cords?
Lateral cricoarytenoids
The oxyhemoglobin curve becomes steep when PaO2 falls below what partial pressure?
60 mm-Hg
Of 1)sickle cell anemia, 2) fetal hemoglobin, 3) carboxyhemoglobin, and 4) methemoglobin, which condition is associated with an increase in the P50?
Sickle Cell Disease
The patient is given meperidine for premedication. What happens to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and to the carbon dioxide blood dissociation curve?
Oxyhemoglobin DC shifts to the right
Carbon dioxide BDC shifts to the left
The pt’s PaO2 increases from 100 mmHg to 500 mmHg. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the arterial blood increases by how much?
Give answer as a real number (to one decimal place) in mL O2/dL
Amount dissolved increased by 1.2 mL O2/dL
What is the PaO2 when the SaO2 is 90%?
60 mmHg
What percent of total CO2 is carried in the blood as bicarbonate?
90%
What enzyme is responsible for producing bicarbonate in the red blood cell?
carbonic anhydrase
If PaCO2 is 30 mmHg, how much CO2 is dissolved in the blood?
2.01 mL CO2/dL
Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to what?
decreased PaO2
What nerve carries sensory information from the carotid, and what nerve carries sensory information from aortic bodies?
Carotid - glossopharyngeal nerve
Aortic - vagus nerve
Where are ventilation and perfusion the greatest in the normal healthy lung in the awake individual?
Both are greatest in the dependent lung.
Compare PACO2 in the base with PACO2 in the apex when the patient is in the prone position.
They are the same in the apex and base.
Compared with non-dependent lung, each of the following is greater in dependent lung EXCEPT:
1) ventilation
2) perfusion
3) alveolar diameter
4) PACO2
Alveolar diameter
A patient breathing room air has a PaO2 of 45 mmHg, a PAO2 of 80 mmHg, and a PaCO2 of 75 mmHg. What is the problem?
The patient has a ventilation:perfusion abnormality
What is the problem if the patient has a segment of lung with a ventilation:perfusion ratio of zero?
The patient has a right-to-left shunt
The patient’s spirometric recordings reveal an FEV1 of 2.0 liters and an FVC of 4.0 liters. These values indicate that the patient has what?
The patient has obstructive lung disease.
What happens to pulmonary (lung) compliance and chest wall compliance with age?
Pulmonary compliance increases, but chest wall compliance decreases.
