Valley Respiratory

Question 1

What stimulates central chemoreceptors?

Answer 1

pH

Question 2

What stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 2

The peripheral chemoreceptors respond to pH, pO2, and pCO2

pCO2 is the normal drive to breathe

pO2 is the strongest drive to breathe

Question 3

What nerve carries sensory information from lung stretch receptors?

Answer 3

The Vagus nerve

Question 4

What nerve carries sensory information from the aortic body?

Answer 4

The Vagus nerve

Question 5

What nerve carries sensory information from the carotid bodies?

Answer 5

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 6

Except for the cricothyroid muscle, the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by what motor nerve?

Answer 6

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 7

What muscles adduct the vocal cords?

Answer 7

Lateral cricoarytenoids

Question 8

The oxyhemoglobin curve becomes steep when PaO2 falls below what partial pressure?

Answer 8

60 mm-Hg

Question 9

Of 1)sickle cell anemia, 2) fetal hemoglobin, 3) carboxyhemoglobin, and 4) methemoglobin, which condition is associated with an increase in the P50?

Answer 9

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 10

The patient is given meperidine for premedication. What happens to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and to the carbon dioxide blood dissociation curve?

Answer 10

Oxyhemoglobin DC shifts to the right

Carbon dioxide BDC shifts to the left

Question 11

The pt’s PaO2 increases from 100 mmHg to 500 mmHg. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the arterial blood increases by how much?

Give answer as a real number (to one decimal place) in mL O2/dL

Answer 11

Amount dissolved increased by 1.2 mL O2/dL

Question 12

What is the PaO2 when the SaO2 is 90%?

Answer 12

60 mmHg

Question 13

What percent of total CO2 is carried in the blood as bicarbonate?

Answer 13

90%

Question 14

What enzyme is responsible for producing bicarbonate in the red blood cell?

Answer 14

carbonic anhydrase

Question 15

If PaCO2 is 30 mmHg, how much CO2 is dissolved in the blood?

Answer 15

2.01 mL CO2/dL

Question 16

Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to what?

Answer 16

decreased PaO2

Question 17

What nerve carries sensory information from the carotid, and what nerve carries sensory information from aortic bodies?

Answer 17

Carotid - glossopharyngeal nerve

Aortic - vagus nerve

Question 18

Where are ventilation and perfusion the greatest in the normal healthy lung in the awake individual?

Answer 18

Both are greatest in the dependent lung.

Question 19

Compare PACO2 in the base with PACO2 in the apex when the patient is in the prone position.

Answer 19

They are the same in the apex and base.

Question 20

Compared with non-dependent lung, each of the following is greater in dependent lung EXCEPT:

1) ventilation
2) perfusion
3) alveolar diameter
4) PACO2

Answer 20

Alveolar diameter

Question 21

A patient breathing room air has a PaO2 of 45 mmHg, a PAO2 of 80 mmHg, and a PaCO2 of 75 mmHg. What is the problem?

Answer 21

The patient has a ventilation:perfusion abnormality

Question 22

What is the problem if the patient has a segment of lung with a ventilation:perfusion ratio of zero?

Answer 22

The patient has a right-to-left shunt

Question 23

The patient’s spirometric recordings reveal an FEV1 of 2.0 liters and an FVC of 4.0 liters. These values indicate that the patient has what?

Answer 23

The patient has obstructive lung disease.

Question 24

What happens to pulmonary (lung) compliance and chest wall compliance with age?

Answer 24

Pulmonary compliance increases, but chest wall compliance decreases.

Question 25

The patient’s spirometric recordings reveal an FEV1 of 2.0 liters and an FVC of 4.0 liters. These values indicate that the patient has what?

Answer 25

Obstructive Lung disease

Question 26

The oxyhemoglobin curve becomes steep when PaO2 falls below what partial pressure?

Answer 26

75 mmHg