Valley Cardiovascular Flashcards
The QT interval is prolonged by what electrolyte disturbance?
hypocalcemia
The two direct determinants of mean arterial blood pressure are?
cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
What are characteristics of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle?
- The left ventricle free wall is substantially thickened
- Aortic stenosis is a specific stimulus for concentric hypertrophy
- Pressure overload is a general stimulus for concentric hypertrophy
With an overdose of IV phenylephrine, blood pressure increases. What changes can also be expected of the End-diastolic volume, End-systolic volume, and heart rate?
End-diastolic volume will increase
End-systolic volume will increase
Heart rate will decrease
Systole occurs between what points on the pressure volume loop?
The lower left corner is mitral valve opening, the bottom line signifies ventricular filling volume, the lower right corner is the mitral valve closing. The right-most vertical line signifies the beginning of systole (the pressure is increasing, but has yet to overcome the aortic valve). The upper right corner is aortic valve opening, the top line signifies the ejection volume of the blood. The upper left corner signifies the closure of the aortic valve. The left-most vertical line signifies the decrease in pressure in the left ventricle in the time between the closure of the aortic valve and the opening of the mitral valve.
Look at different shapes of flow-volume loops and be able to explain what they mean.
Examples:
- administration of lasix
- chronic aortic stenosis
- acute mitral regurgitation
- administration of nitroprusside
- chronic mitral regurgitation
- acute aortic regurgitation
The patients blood pressure is 150/90, cardiac output is 4 liters/min, and CVP is 10 mmHg. What is the patient’s systemic vascular resistance?
(MAP-CVP)/???
The patient is known to have coronary artery disease. During surgery, ST segment elevation of 2 mm is noticed on the ECG trace. Blood pressure and HR are in the expected range. What should you do?
Give nitroglycerin
In response to an increase in blood pressure, afferent impulses are carried from the baroreceptors by what nerves?
Carotid baroreceptor - glossopharyngeal
Aortic Arch baroreceptor - vagus
Nitric oxide is derived from what amino acid?
L-arginine
Nitric oxide stimulates the production of what second messenger?
cyclic GMP
What drugs work by increasing nitric oxide in vascular and bronchial smooth muscle cell?
isosorbide dinitrate
nitroprusside
nitroglycerin
What happens to SBP, DBP, and pulse pressure as the arterial wave-form travels peripherally?
Systolic pressure increases
Diastolic pressure decreases
Pulse pressure increases
The area under the arterial pressure waveform divided by time is a measure of ?
mean arterial pressure
How should adenosine be given to treat paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia?
6-12 mg IV, rapidly
