Valley Evoked Potential Monitoring-Pain Pathways & Opioids Flashcards
What nerves originiate in the intermediolateral horn of the spinal cord?
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
What nerves pass through the gray rami communicans?
Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons
What spinal cord tract modulates pain?
Dorsolateral
If somatosensory evoked potential monitoring suggests spinal cord damage, what segment of cord is involved?
Posterior
What are the characteristics of C fibers?
They carry diffuse and persistent burning, aching, and throbbing pain.
They carry “slow” pain or “second” pain.
They have cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglion.
Pain afferent nerve fibers enter the dorsal cord and ascend or descend 1-3 segments in what tract before entering and synapsing in the dorsal horn?
Tract of Lissauer
Early depression of ventilation (within 2 hours) after a neuraxial opioid results from what?
systemic absorption of opioid
When a lipophilic opioid is used for intrathecal or epidural anesthesia, what are the characteristics of its onset and duration?
Onset is fast, and duration is short
Delayed depression of ventilation (6-12 hours) occurs after neuraxial (epidural or spinal) injection of which opioid?
Morphine
Spinal analgesia is mediated mostly by which opioid receptor?
Mu-2
The patient is emerging from high dose sufentanil anesthesia. If nalbuphine were given to this patient, you would see what?
Reversal of respiratory depression and maintenance of analgesia.
After cerebrospinal fluid passes through the foramina of Munro, it enters what?
The third ventricle
The umbilicus is found in what dermatome?
T10
What substance decreases the release of substance P in the spinal cord?
enkephalin
What gland is found in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
The pituitary gland
