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Valley Prep > Comp Questions > Flashcards

Comp Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How much O2 is dissolved in blood if the PaO2 is 300?

A

0.003 X 300 = 0.9 ml

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2
Q

Which physics law has a constant temperature?

A

Boyles

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3
Q

Where are Kuppfer cells located?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Which law of physics explains why a cylinder cools as it empties?

A

Joule-Thompson

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5
Q

Coracobrachialis nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous

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6
Q

A smoker is supposed to stop smoking 2-3 days before surgery to?

A

Reduce carboxyhemoglobin

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7
Q

What types of Hgb does not change the pulse ox value?

A

Hgb A, Hgb F

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8
Q

Carcinoid tumor?

A

Serritonin

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9
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome?

A

Can’t remember, its a R to L shunt

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10
Q

Demylination of the Pontine’s?

A

Aggressive treatment of hyponatremia

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11
Q

What is the blood gas partition coefficient of Isoflurane?

A

1.46

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12
Q

Blood gas solubility determines what?

A

Speed of onset

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13
Q

MAC is inversely related to?

A

Potency

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14
Q

Which drug decreases cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic requirments

A

Propofol(so does Etomidate and I can’t remember which one was on there)

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15
Q

Sodium substance with pika 8.2 injected into the blood?

A

The sodium makes it a weak acid so it is less than 50% ionized.(NA+Phosphate with drug name = base/Na+calcium(mag) with drug name = ?)

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16
Q

What is the most important determinate of duration of action?

A

How protein bound the drug is

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17
Q

What is the significance of the Oil:water partition coefficient?

A

Determines lipid solubility

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18
Q

Which two are not metabolized by ester pseudocholinesterase?

A

Cocaine(ester, but metabolized by liver, prilocaine(amide)

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19
Q

How do you treat magnesium toxicity with a loss of deep tendon reflex?

A

Calcium gluconate

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20
Q

A dibucaine # of 80 is?

A

normal—>80% of pseudocholinesterase

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21
Q

How does insulin and glucose treat hyperkalemia?

A

drives potassium back into the cells

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22
Q

What is the major extracellular cation?

A

Sodium

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23
Q

Which medication slows the process of reabsorption of bicarb by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?

A

Acetazolamide(Diamox)

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24
Q

What region of the kidney is most vulnerable to ischemia?

A

the Inner stripe of the outer medulla

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25
Q

Glucose filtered by the renal tubule is reabsorbed by the?

A

Proximal tubule

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26
Q

ECG abnormalities in leads V3 and V4, where is the problem? Leads V2-V5?

A

LAD

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27
Q

How does glucose and insulin fix hyperkalemia?

A

drives K into the cell via the NA:K pump

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28
Q

Events during depolarization and repolarization as related to Na and K?

A 
depolarization = 3 Na in
repolarization = 2 K out
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29
Q

Isovolumetric contraction on pressure volume loop?

A

right side vertical

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30
Q

Blood Gas Partition of Isoflurane?

A

1.4

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31
Q

Oil Gas Partition of sevo?

A

47

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32
Q

Legal questions-patient has nerve injury?

A

res Ipsa locutur

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33
Q

Hospital is responsible for CRNA problem?

A

respondent superior

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34
Q

What causes decreased CMR and Cerebral blood flow?

A

IV anesthetics(except ketamine)-propofol and barbs

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35
Q

Labetalol affects which receptors?

A

A1, B1, B2

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36
Q

Dermatone at Xiphoid?

A

T6

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37
Q

Afferent nerve in occulocardiac reflex?

A

afferent = V, efferent = X

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38
Q

Life span of platelet?

A

10 days?(I thought it was 5)

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39
Q

Cupful cells are found in the the?

A

Liver

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40
Q

Calculate CPP, MAP = 110, ICP = 15, CVP = 5

A

95?

MAP-ICP(or CVP) take the higher number

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41
Q

A short 16 gauge runs as well as a long 16 gauge catheter, why?

A

Poiseuille’s law

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42
Q

Laminar flow is inversely proportional to? Reynolds number is inversely proportional to?

A

Viscosity, Density? Pg. 335 valley

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43
Q

Increased dissolved gas and potency?

A

?

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44
Q

Pressure and volume, whose law?

A

Boyles

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45
Q

What two things don’t affect sat probe?

A

HGB A and HGB F

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46
Q

Most at risk for MH?

A

Duschennes

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47
Q

CRNA gets caught doing drugs, who takes away their license?

A

state board

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48
Q

Patient quite smoking 2 days preop, whats the benefit?

A

decreased carboxyhgb

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49
Q

Intrathoracic obstruction, whats the problem?

A

breathing out

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50
Q

Bicarb is exchanged for what in RBCs?

A

chloride(Hamburger shift)

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51
Q

What shifts the OxyHgb curve to the left?

A

decreasing stuff, Hgb F, methgb, carboxyhgb

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52
Q

Xanthines?

A

theophylline

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53
Q

Ipratroprium NA

A

antimuscarinic

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54
Q

Subarachnoid morphine acts where?

A

inhibit substance p?

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55
Q

Stick your tongue out, which CN?

A

XII

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56
Q

CSF travels through aqueduct of selves to?

A

4th ventricle

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57
Q

Most inhibits p450?

A

Tagement

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58
Q

Normal PAD?

A

‘8-15

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59
Q

PAC is 20 cm deep from right IG, where is it?

A

RA

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60
Q

Pressure-volume loop pic-large loop shrinks shorter and to the left, but stays within the left border?

A

mitral stenosis or nitro?

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61
Q

Protamine is a _____ drug?

A

Neutralizer

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62
Q

Concentric vs. Eccentric questions?

A

Concentric caused by-chronic aortic stenosis, chronic HTN, coarctation of the aorta causing LVH Eccentric caused by-MVR, morbid obesity, leads to dilated LV

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63
Q

What coag factor is not in the common pathway?

A

11

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64
Q

Ape hand is caused by damage to which nerve?

A

Median

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65
Q

The common peroneal and tibial are branches of which nerve?

A

Sciatic

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66
Q

Which nerve injury would cause diminished sensation to the medial aspect of the thigh?

A

Obturator

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67
Q

Which block often misses the ulnar nerve?

A

Interscalene

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68
Q

Which nerve covers the dorsal aspect of the foot where you would feel a dorsalis pedis?

A

Superficial Peroneal

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69
Q

All of the following except which nerve are part of the three-in-one block?
Femoral, saphenous, common peroneal, Sciatic

A

Sciatic

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70
Q

Which nerves are innervated by the posterior branch(select two) of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary and Radial

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71
Q

Which nerves are blocked first?

A

B fibers sympathetic

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72
Q

Which nerves conduct the slowest?

A

C fibers unmylenated

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73
Q

Which dermatome at the xiphoid process?

A

T6

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74
Q

How is the motor/anterior portion of the spinal cord perfused?

A

Single anterior artery

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75
Q

If you add sterile water to a solution, what will it become?

A

Hypobaric

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76
Q

A newborns spinal cord extends to?

A

L3

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77
Q

Ion trapping in the fetus?

A

Maternal alkalosis and fetal acidosis

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78
Q

Where is the location of pain in the first stage of labor?

A

T10-L1

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79
Q

Adherence to the myometrium without invasion?

A

Accreta Vera

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80
Q

Mirror pattern of uterine contraction and may be caused by compression of the head?

A

Early Decells

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81
Q

Which LA is most likely to cross the placenta?

A

Mepivocaine

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82
Q

The mother has the most increase in CO at?

A

immediately after delivery

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83
Q

Who needs a CT scan?

A

Trisomy 21

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84
Q

When is the hgb the lowest?

A

3 month of age

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85
Q

Who is most likely to have MH?

A

Duschane’s muscular dystrophy

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86
Q

What is the percent O2 if Isoflurane is added?

A

(760 - 239)=521
521/760x100=68.8%
68.6%

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87
Q

Whose law is vapor pressure?

A

Dalton’s

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88
Q

If you change the radius or length of an IV catheter, whose law is this?

A

Poiseuille’s

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89
Q

Turbulent flow depends on what?

A

Density

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90
Q

A nebulizer works based on what?

A

Venturi effect/Bernoulli’s Principle

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91
Q

There is a decrease in O2 demand with an increase or decrease in preload?

A

decrease

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92
Q

ADH neurohypophysis is associated with increased or decreased osmality?

A

increased osmality

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93
Q

What is the size of ETT for a 2 year old?

A

Age + 16/4=4.5 cuff(4.0 uncuffed)

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94
Q

How is remifentanil broken down?

A

by plasma esterases

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95
Q

Does carbon monoxide cause a right shift or a left shift of they oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve?

A

it causes a left shift

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96
Q

If you stick 20 cm from the right IJ you would be where?

A

right atrium

97
Q

BAIN allows for ventilation with what type of patient?

A

apenic patient

98
Q

Nardil dosnet use?

A

demerol

99
Q

Ketamine is the only anesthetic with these properties.

A

analgesic

100
Q

What is the major intracellular ion?

A

potassium

101
Q

Know the triad for pheycytocroma

A

CHF is NOT one of those

102
Q

Doest the lateral posteriorarytenoids abduct or adduct the vocal cords?

A

adducts them

103
Q

Perfusion and ventilation in the awake patient is best at the ___ of the lungs?

A

base

104
Q

Does an increase or a decrease in DBP increase coronary perfusion pressure?

A

an increase

105
Q

Does NO increase or decrease cGMP?

A

increases

106
Q

A right shift in the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve causes increase or decrease O2 to the cells?

A

right shift unloads oxygen to the cells

107
Q

What type of lung cells are responsible for surfactant production?

A

alveolar type II

108
Q

Neuro “sitting position” case…patient develops a murmur…what is the problem?

A

air embolism

109
Q

Should methregine be given before or after the baby is delivered?

A

after

110
Q

If the spinal cord is severed at C2-C4 what is the result?

A

no breathing

111
Q

What do you do if the patient experiences extrapyridial symptoms after reglan is given?

A

benadryl

112
Q

What structure is posterior to the ligamentum flavum?

A

Interspinous

113
Q

What determines potency?

A

Lipid solubility

114
Q

What causes closure of the patent ductus arteriousus?

A

Prostaglandins

115
Q

What is associated with turp blindness?

A

glycine

116
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Sevoflurane?

A

170 mmHg

117
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Enflurane?

A

172 mmHg

118
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Isoflurane?

A

240 mmHg

119
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Halothane?

A

244 mmHg

120
Q

What is the vapor pressure of Desflurane?

A

669 mmHg

121
Q

What is Beck’s triad?

A

-for cardiac tamponade

low BP, muffled heart sounds and JVD

122
Q

Where is ADH released from and what causes its release?

A
  1. neurohypophysis(post pitutary)

2. due to osmolality

123
Q

How should HR control be managed with Aortic Stenosis?

A

HR 50-70 to increase perfusion

124
Q

What should be given in the event reglan causes extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Benadryl

125
Q

What determines the potency of VA?

A

lipid solubility

126
Q

Phenoxybenzamine given for pheochromocytoma works on what receptors?

A

A1 and A2

127
Q

Tagamet antagonizes?

A

Cytochrome P450

128
Q

What medications should not be given to Parkinson’s patients?

A

Scopalamine, Reglan and Inapsine

129
Q

How does Zero order kinectics work?

A

constant rate over time, does not have compartments

130
Q

Oil:Gas partitioin coefficient measures what?

A

lipid solubility

131
Q

Hypoalbuminemia acauses the volume of distribuion to increase or decrease?

A

increase

132
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushings syndrome?

A
  • HTN
  • irregular respirations
  • bradycardia
133
Q

Where in the SC does sympathetic POST ganglionic neurons pass through?

A

gray rami

134
Q

What law allows us to calculate CO2 dissolved in blood?

A

Henry’s law

135
Q

You have 200 mg of 4% Marcaine. How mant mls?

A

5

136
Q

How is the amount of O2 dissolved in blood calculated?

A

partial pressure x .003

137
Q

What are the high points of the SC in the supine patient?

A

C3, L3

138
Q

What are the low points of the SC in the supine patient?

A

T6, S2

139
Q

What is the last nerve fiber to be blocked?

A

A-alpha

140
Q

What nerve needs to be blocked between Achilles tendon and lateral malleolus?

A

Sural

141
Q

What segments of SC are responsible for pain in the 1st stage of labor?

A

T10-L1

142
Q

What should be suspected with painless vaginal bleeding?

A

placenta previa

143
Q

What are the characteristics of Eccentric hypertrophy?

A

enlarged muscle-no change in chamber size

144
Q

What are the characteritics of Concetric hypertrophy?

A

enlarged chamber size-maybe some enlarged muscle

145
Q

What clotting factors are not made in the liver?

A

III, IV, VIII

146
Q

What labatory results test the intrinsic pathway?

A

PTT, ACT

147
Q

PTT and ACT lab test are related to what medication? and what pathway?

A

Heparin

intrinsic

148
Q

What clotting factors are related to ptt, act and heparin?

A

8, 9, 11 and 12

149
Q

What labatory results test the extrinsic pathway?

A

PT, INR

150
Q

PT and INR lab test are related to what medication? and what pathway?

A

Coumadin

extrinsic

151
Q

What clotting factors are related to PT, INR and Coumadin?

A

3, 7

152
Q

What is the common pathway?

A

1, 2, 5, 10, 13

153
Q

What is the normal PVR?

A

50 -150 dynes/sec/cm^5

154
Q

In what valvulur disorder is phenylephrine detrimental?

A

Mitral Regurge

155
Q

Which kinetics is responsible for elimination of 2 mg/min?

A

Zero Order Kinetics

156
Q

A decrease in pCO2 by 10 mmHg will decrease the serum pH by?

A

0.1(?)

157
Q

Hyperventilation can decrease potassium by?

A

0.5 mEq/L

158
Q

Etomidate inhibits?

A

Adrenal Cortex(cortisol)

159
Q

What gland causes Ca reabsorption into the bones?

A

Parathyroid

160
Q

What agents should be given in heart transplant patients?

A

give direct acting drugs(Isuprel)

161
Q

Where is the best lung perfusion in a patient in the lateral decubitus position?

A

dependent lung(base)

162
Q

What is the calculation for coronary perfusion pressure?

A

CPP= DBP - PCWP

163
Q

Is asthma restrictive or obstructive?

A

obstructive

164
Q

What laws relates to raising an IV bag?

A

Pousille’s law

165
Q

Most of the CO2 in the blood is transported as?

A

HCO3

166
Q

Bleomycin is toxic to the ___, Doxyrubicin is toxic to the ___?

A
  • lungs

- heart

167
Q

Geriatric patients have (increased/decreased) pulmonary compliance and (increased/decreased) FRC?

A
  • increased

- increased

168
Q

MAC is inversely related to?

A

potentcy

169
Q

How many 1/2 lives does it take for a drug to be 98% eliminated?

A

6

170
Q

What is the nomral IOP?

A

12-20

171
Q

What is the normal mag level?

A

4-6 mEq/L

172
Q

What is posterior to the ligamentumm flavum?

A

Interspinous ligament

173
Q

A patient becomes disconnected from the ventilator…is this a sentinal or critical event?

A

Critical

174
Q

If the patient has oozing after surgery what should be suspected?

A

thrombocytopenia

175
Q

What are parasympathetic nerves?

A

3, 7, 9, 10(not 5)

176
Q

Where in the SC is CSF reabsorbed?

A

arachnoid villi

177
Q

What is the total CSF volume?

A

150 ml

178
Q

Best induction agent for asthmatics?

A

ketamine

179
Q

What is the best diagnositic test for air embolism?

A

TEE/doplar

180
Q

What is another name for coronary steal?

A

luxury perfusion

181
Q

Sodium bicarb plus LA equals?

A

more unionized

182
Q

What is the fastest treatment for hyperkalemia?

A

IV calcium

183
Q

What hemodynamic changes might be seen in cardiac tamponade?

A

CVP and Wedge pressrue both high

184
Q

What postion intervention should be done in cord prolapse?

A

steep trendelenburg

185
Q

Which VA has the lowest BGP?

A

desflurane

186
Q

What is the fluid/hr for a 25 kg child?

A

65 ml/hr

187
Q

What should be the first thing ruled out with bradycardia in an infant?

A

hypoxemia

188
Q

What is the second messenger for bronchoconstriction?

A

IP3

189
Q

Vaporizers and common gas outlet are examples of ____ pressure systems

A

low

190
Q

What medication should not be given for Betha blocker OD?

A

neosynephrine

191
Q

Hospital pipeline is ______ pressure?

A

intermediate

192
Q

5 ml of epinephrine 1:1000 = mg?

A

5 mg

193
Q

What medication do you not give to a glaucoma patient on ecothiophate?

A

mivacron

194
Q

What SC segment for TURP?

A

T10

195
Q

Cannot adduct thumb?

A

raidal nerve injury

196
Q

What changes will be seen on EKG with hypocalcemia?

A

prolonged QT

197
Q

What might cause neuro malignant syndrome?

A

haldol

198
Q

What medication should be avoided if the patient has neuro malignant syndrome?

A

reglan

199
Q

What valvular d/o seen with IHSS?

A

mitral regurge

200
Q

Hydralazine works by _____ _____.

A

nitric oxide

201
Q

Na concentration is controlled by ____.

A

ADH

202
Q

Plasma K decreases by _ mEq/L for every _ decrease in pCO2?

A
  • 5 (?)

- 10

203
Q

What is maintenance fluid for a 35 kg patieng?

A

75 ml/hr

204
Q

What is the main reason for stopping smoking right before surgery?

A

to decrease carboxyhemoglobin

205
Q

A flush valve is an example of what type of apparatus?

A

ball and spring

206
Q

DISS keeps hoses from being connected to wrong gas source…what is this an example of?

A

Ball and spring(also has a floating valve)

207
Q

Epidural catheter-lose of resistance at _cm, thread to _cm and how much in epidural space?

A
  • 9 cm
  • 14 cm
  • 5 cm
208
Q

Renal >0.03 = ?

A

tubular necrosis

209
Q

IVF can cause an increases in what hemodynamic measurment?

A

LVEDV

210
Q

What are two characteristics of Myasthenia gravis associated with the eyes?

A
  • diplopia

- ptosis

211
Q

In the pregnant patient CO is most increased when and when does it return to normal?

A
  • most right after birth

- normal couple weeks after

212
Q

What does the Abdiucens do to the eye?

A

does not adduct lateral eye, but abducts

213
Q

Early decels indicates?

A

head compression

214
Q

Physostigmine is used to treat?

A

Myasthenia gravis

215
Q

Do NDNMB cross the BBB?

A

no

216
Q

VA and ketamine (inc/dec) CBF?

A

increases

217
Q

What is Robin Hood Steal?

A

hyperventilation improves blood flow to ischemic brain

218
Q

When does the posterior lateral fontanelle close?

A

~2 years of age(?)

219
Q

Hypocalcemia prolongs?

A

QT

220
Q

Hyperkalemia = hyperpolarization/hypopolarization?

A

hypopolarization

221
Q

What are urine osmol and plasma osmol in SIADH?

A
  • urine osmol is high

- plasma osmol is low

222
Q

Release of ADH does what to osmolaity?

A

decreases it

223
Q

3% saline injected too fast causes Central Pontine ___?

A

?

224
Q

What law explaines pulse oximetery?

A

Beer Lambert Law

225
Q

What describes how CO2 acts on oxygen disassociation curve?

A

Bohr Effect

226
Q

What describes a decrease in lateral pressure when going through a constriction(jet vent, nebulizer, venturi mask)?

A

Bernoulli Principle

227
Q

Vitamin K is dependent upon what clotting factors?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

228
Q

Theophyilline is a?

A

Methylcantine(?)

229
Q

What medications is eliminated by zero order kinectics?

A
  • Dilantin
  • aspirin
  • alchohol
230
Q

What electrolyte abnormality increases Dig toxicity?

A

hypercalcemia

231
Q

What is the definition of specific heat?

A

calories required to raise temp 1 degree C

232
Q

Which nerves are parasympathetic?

A

3, 7, 9, 10(not 5)

233
Q

Define Res ipsa loquitor?

A

the thing speaks for itself

234
Q

What are the components of FRC?

A

RV + ERV = FRC

235
Q

What labaratory test distinguishes pre-renal from post-renal?

A
  • Fractional sodium excretion test
  • 0.01 pre-renal
  • 0.03 post-renal(?)
236
Q

HCO3 plus local anesthetic =?

A

more unionized or faster onset

237
Q

Second messanger for bronchoconstriction?

A

IP3

238
Q

5 ml of 1:10000 epi =?

A

500 mcg(100 mcg/ml)

239
Q

If a patient is taking ecothiophate what inducton agent should they not be given?

A

succinylcholine

Valley Prep (14 decks)

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