Valley Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Post-synaptic nicotinic receptors are found at each of the following receptors EXCEPT:

• adrenal medulla
• sinoatrial node
• autonomic ganglia
• skeletal muscle motor end-plate

Answer 1

adrenal medulla - this organ is innervated by pre-synaptic receptors

Question 2

The effects of norepinephrine released from sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons are terminated mainly by:

Answer 2

re-uptake by the nerve terminal

Question 3

Release of neurotransmitter requires the entry of what substance into the nerve terminal?

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

Which agonist listed below is largely devoid of beta2-adrenergic activity?

• isoproterenol
• terbutaline
• epinephrine
• norepinephrine

Answer 4

norepinephrine

Question 5

The effects of ephedrine are due mostly to what action?

Answer 5

stimulation of the nerve terminal to release norepinephrine

Question 6

Low levels of circulating epinephrine cause

Answer 6

a decrease in systemic vascular resistance

Question 7

A patient chronically taking propranolol for hypertension is to undergo anesthesia and surgery. His last dose of propranolol was two hours before surgery. During the case, you would be cautious about administering which of the following drugs?

Answer 7

Phenylephrine

Question 8

In the patient who is chronically beta-blocked, the beta receptors

Answer 8

increase in number

Question 9

Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade produces

Answer 9

venodilation and a decrease in venous return

Question 10

Esmolol (Brevibloc) works primarily by competitively antagonizing what adrenergic receptor(s)?

Answer 10

Beta-1

Question 11

You would consider avoiding which of the following adrenergic antagonists in the asthmatic?

Answer 11

Labetalol (all that is beta)

Question 12

Which intravenous general anesthetic would you most avoid in the beta-blocked patient?

Answer 12

Ketamine

Question 13

A farmer who one hour ago was spraying his crops with organophosphate insecticide complains of abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, and blurred vision. He is wheezing and bradycardia. Treatment of this condition might reasonably include atropine, diazepam, and pralidoxime, BUT NOT…?

Answer 13

physostigmine

Question 14

Which second messenger promotes bronchoconstriction?

Answer 14

Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

Question 15

Which of the following agents produces the greatest increase in HR?

• scopolamine
• glycopyrrolate
• atropine
• pilocarpine

Answer 15

Atropine

Question 16

Proprioception is carried by which fibers?

Answer 16

A-alpha fibers

Question 17

Insulin receptors contain an active tyrosine kinase domain. What is the function of a kinase

Answer 17

Kinases catalyze the addition of a phosphate group to a substrate

Question 18

The cell bodies (soma) of which of the following structures lie in the brainstem and sacral cord areas?

Answer 18

pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves

Question 19

Which of the following structures is not innervated by the stellate ganglia?

• bronchioles
• pupils
• eyelids
• nasal vasculature

Answer 19

bronchioles

Question 20

The substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) is:

Answer 20

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate