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Valley Prep > Valley Practice Examination > Flashcards

Valley Practice Examination Flashcards

1
Q

A number that shows how much of a gas will dissolve in a liquid at some specified temperature.

A

Ostwald

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2
Q

A principle for calculating cardiac output from oxygen uptake or carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen or carbon dioxide concentrations in arterial and venous blood.

A

Fick principle

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3
Q

Described behavior of non-ideal gases.

A

van der Waal

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4
Q

Gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume at constant temperature.

A

Boyle

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5
Q

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.

A

Dalton

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6
Q

6.02 x 10^23

A

Avogadro

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7
Q

Gas pressure increases if temperature increases and volume does not change.

A

Gay-Lussac

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8
Q

One mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 liters of 0’C and 1 atm.

A

Avogadro

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9
Q

Volume increases when temperature increases, if pressure is constant.

A

Charles

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10
Q

Twice as much O2 will dissolve in arterial blood if the alveolar partial pressure of O2 is doubled.

A

Henry

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11
Q

A number that reveals whether or not flow is laminar or turbulent.

A

Reynolds

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12
Q

Concentration effect.

A

Fick’s law of diffusion

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13
Q

Explained how pressure, tube radius, tube length, and fluid viscosity contribute to laminar flow.

A

Hagen-Poiseuille

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14
Q

Tension in the wall of a blood vessel is proportional to the radius

A

Laplace

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15
Q

The lateral pressure of fluid flowing through a constricted segment of tubing is decreased.

A

Bernoulli

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16
Q

What law or principle explains normal tidal breathing?

a. Boyle’s law
b. Hagen-Poiseuille’s law
c. Dalton’s law
d. Bernoulli’s principle

A

a. Boyle’s law

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17
Q

Muscle relaxants are:

a. esters
b. ethers
c. thiosulfates
d. quaternary ammonium bases

A

d. quaternary ammonium bases

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18
Q

Desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane are halogenated:

a. amines
b. esters
c. amides
d. ethers

A

d. ethers

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19
Q

The equation for calculating systemic vascular resistance(SVR) is 80 x SVR = (MAP - CVP)/CO, where MAP is mean arterial pressure, CVP is central venous pressure, and CO is cardiac output. What law or principle permits this calculation?

a. LeChatelier’s principle
b. Ohm’s law
c. Superimposition principle
d. Low of Laplace

A

b. Ohm’s law

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20
Q

Consider a weak acid in solution when the pH = pKa for the weak acid. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Only the nonionized form of the species exists
b. pH = 7.0
c. Only ionized form of the species exist
d. the concentration of ionized species is equal to the concentration of nonionized species

A

d. the concentration of ionized species is equal to the concentration of nonionized species

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21
Q

Which of the following is the salt form of a weak acid?

a. Drug sulfate
b. Drug hydrochloride
c. Sodium drug
d. Drug phosphate

A

c. Sodium drug

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22
Q

Which orally administered drug will be most nonionized and best absorbed across the stomach wall when stomach pH = 2.0?

a. A weak base with pKa = 4.5
b. A weak base with pKa = 8.6
c. A weak acid with pKa = 3.6
d. A weak acid with pKa = 6.2

A

d. A weak acid with pKa = 6.2

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23
Q

Which of the following drugs is most nonionized at body pH of 7.4?

a. A weak acid with pKa of 7.4
b. A weak base with pKa of 7.4
c. A weak acid with pKa of 5.0
d. A weak base with pKa of 5.0

A

d. A weak base with pKa of 5.0

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24
Q

A local anesthetic is:

a. weak base with pKa less than 7.4
b. weak base with pKa greater than 7.4
c. weak acid with pKa less than 7.4
d. weak acid with pKa greater than 7.4

A

b. weak base with pKa greater than 7.4

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25
Q

4-8 mesh soda lime

a. prevents channeling while providing an adequate surface area for CO2 absorption
b. provides high resistance to air flow
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

A

a. prevents channeling while providing an adequate surface area for CO2 absorption

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26
Q

What is the partial pressure of a gas if its concentration is 5%?

a. 5 mmHg
b. 25 mmHg
c. 38 mmHg
d. 125 mmHg

A

c. 38 mmHg

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27
Q

If a gas exerts a partial pressure of 15 mmHg, its concentration is(in percent):

a. 0.25%
b. 0.5%
c. 1.5%
d. 2.0%

A

d. 2.0%

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28
Q

In the reaction of CO2 with soda lime, the final products are

a. bicarbonates
b. carbonic acids
c. hydroxides
d. carbonates

A

d. carbonates

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29
Q

The law that relates the volume of gas released into the atmosphere from an O2 tank is:

a. Boyle’s law
b. Gay-Lussac’s law
c. Henry’s law
d. Charles’ law

A

a. Boyles law

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30
Q

Which pulmonary function test uses Boyle’s law?

a. Vital capacity
b. Plethysmography for determination of FRC
c. Respiratory exchange ratio
d. Nitrogen washout test for determination of FRC

A

b. Plethysmography for determination of FRC

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31
Q

The generation of colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma is the principle function of:

a. globulin
b. fibrinogen
c. sodium
d. albumin

A

d. albumin

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32
Q

A 3% stock solution of drug “X” is available. You need to make 50 mL of 0.6 mg/mL solution. How many mL will you take from stock solution to make the dilute solution?

a. 1 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 100 mL
d. 1000 mL

A

a. 1 mL

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33
Q

In the following graphs, the solid line shows the alveolar uptake of halothane when it is delivered to the patient in O2. What will happen to this uptake curve when halothane is delivered to the patient in 70% N20? The uptake will be:

a. faster(dashed line A)
b. slower(dashed line B)
c. unchanged(dashed line C)

A

a. faster(dashed line A)

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34
Q

Given 25 mL of 2% Xylocaine, how many mg of the drug are there?

a. 1000
b. 500
c. 250
d. 50

A

b. 500

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35
Q

Sevoflurane is added to a flask sitting on a table. What is the concentration of sevoflurane above the liquid?

a. 16%
b. 22%
c. 32%
d. 49%

A

b. 22%

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36
Q

Five mL of a 1:1000 concentration of epinephrine contains how many milligrams?

a. 0.5 mg
b. 1.0 mg
c. 5.0 mg
d. 50.0 mg

A

c. 5.0 mg

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37
Q

If the flow of oxygen from an E-size tank is 5 liters per minute, the tank will last:

a. 1 hour
b. 2 hours
c. 3 hours
d. 5 hours

A

b. 2 hours

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38
Q

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is most impermeable to which of the following substances?

a. Physostigmine
b. Potassium ions
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Desflurane

A

b. Potassium ions

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39
Q

If the agents below, which has the lowest blood/gas partition coefficient?

a. Enflurane
b. Halothane
c. Isoflurane
d. Desflurane

A

d. Desflurane

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40
Q

With a 6 liter per minute total flow and a mixture of 70% N20 and 30% O2, what is the flow of N20 per minute?

a. 3.0 liters
b. 4.2 liters
c. 5.0 liters
d. 3.6 liters

A

b. 4.2 liters

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41
Q

The relative humidity of alveolar gas is:

a. 50%
b. 21%
c. 47%
d. 100%

A

d. 100%

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42
Q

When the pressure gauge on a tank of N20 begins to fall rapidly, the

a. tank is empty
b. tank no longer contains N20 in a liquid form
c. gas pressure in the tank is zero mmHg
d. tank contains only liquid N20

A

b. tank no longer contains N20 in a liquid form

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43
Q

The rotameter flowmeter is an example of a:

a. variable pressure difference flowmeter
b. constant diameter orifice flowmeter
c. fixed orifice flowmeter
d. variable orifice flowmeter

A

d. variable orifice flowmeter

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44
Q

An agent with a blood:gas partition coefficient of 12.0 and an oil:gas partition coefficient of 0.5:

a. builds up rapidly and lacks potency
b. builds up rapidly and is highly potent
c. builds up slowly and lacks potency
d. builds up slowly and is highly potent

A

c. builds up slowly and lacks potency

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45
Q

Substances that most readily cross the placental or BBB:

a. are highly lipid soluble
b. have high molecular weights
c. are highly ionized
d. are highly protein bound

A

a. are highly lipid soluble

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46
Q

The agent with the lowest oil:gas partition coefficient on the list below is:

a. halothane
b. desflurane
c. enflurane
d. isoflurane

A

b. desflurane

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47
Q

Immediately after onset of 50% N20 administration, the volume of the stomach may:

a. decrease
b. increase
c. remain unchanged
d. first decrease and then increase

A

b. increase

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48
Q

If flow is laminar and the radius of a tube is tripled, the flow through the tube will increase

a. 3-fold
b. 16-fold
c. 64-fold
d. 81-fold

A

d. 81-fold

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49
Q

What can be measured with a Wright’s respirometer?

a. Carbon dioxide absorption
b. Tidal Volume
c. Oxygen uptake
d. Dead space

A

b. Tidal Volume

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50
Q

1:500,000 concentration is:

a. 0.02 mcg/ml
b. 0.2 mcg/ml
c. 2.0 mcg/ml
d. 20.0 mcg/ml

A

c. 2.0 mcg/mL

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51
Q

What property of helium makes it a useful agent?

a. Low density
b. Low viscosity
c. Low molecular weight
d. Low blood solubility

A

a. Low density

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52
Q

When halothane is added to a flask containing 100% O2, the new concentration of O2 will be:

a. 15%
b. 21%
c. 68%
d. 83%

A

c. 68%

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53
Q

The concentration leaving the enflurane vaporizer will not be different than the dial setting if which of the following agents is mistakenly placed in the vaporizer?

a. Halothane
b. Isoflurane
c. Sevoflurane
d. Desflurane

A

c. Sevoflurane

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54
Q

The cylinder of N20 cools after it is turned on. What explains this cooling?

a. Venturi principle
b. Joule-Thompson effect
c. Charles’ law
d. Fick’s law of diffusion

A

b. Joule-Thompson effect

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55
Q

Tension in the blood vessel wall will be lowest in the:

a. capillary
b. femoral artery
c. inferior vena cava
d. ascending aorta

A

a. capillary

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56
Q

During diastole, the tension in the left ventricular wall increases. What explains this?

a. Joule-Thompson effect
b. Starling’s law
c. Ohm’s law
d. Law of Laplace

A

d. Law of Laplace

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57
Q

When you put an endotracheal tube in an autoclave, the cuff expands. This is an application of:

a. ideal(universal) gas law
b. Boyle’s law
c. Ohm’s law
d. Charles’ law

A

d. Charles law

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58
Q

When the length of an IV needle is doubled, what happens to flow from the IV bag, and what law applies?

a. Flow is doubled and Fick’s law applies
b. Flow is halved and Fick’s law applies
c. Flow is doubled and Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s law applies
d. Flow is halved and Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s law applies

A

d. Flow is halved and Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s law applies

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59
Q

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in arterial blood when PaCO2 is 70 mmHg?

a. 4.69 mL CO2/100mL blood
b. 0.42 mL CO2/100 mL blood
c. 1.21 mL C02/100 mL blood
d. 0.21 mL CO2/199 mL blood

A

a. 4.69 mL CO2/100 mL blood

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60
Q

When the partial pressure of CO2 increases, more hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are produced: which law or principle applies?

a. LeChatelier’s principle
b. Ohm’s law
c. Henry’s law
d. Fick’s principle

A

a. LeChatelier’s principle

61
Q

The reaction of CO2 with soda lime is a(n):

a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. neutralization
d. acidification

A

c. neutralization

62
Q

What is the concentration of a solution in % if 250 mg is added to 50 mL of water?

a. 0.25%
b. 0.5%
c. 0.75%
d. 1.0%

A

b. 0.5%

63
Q

One microgram is equal to how many grams?

a. 0.000001
b. 0.001
c. 10
d. 100,000

A

a. 0.000001

64
Q

Soda lime is composted mostly of:

a. KOH
b. NaOH
c. Ca(OH2)
d. silica

A

c. Ca(OH2)

65
Q

What law explains atelectasis in the patient with ARDS?

a. Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s
b. Laplace’s
c. Henry’s
d. Dalton’s

A

b. Laplace’s

66
Q

If mean arterial blood pressure is 100 mmHg, central venous pressure is 10 mmHg and cardiac output is 4.5 liter/min, the resistance flow through the systemic circulation(SVR) in dynes cm^3 is:

a. 1600
b. 1400
c. 2500
d. 450

A

a. 1600

67
Q

When flow is turbulent, the resistance to flow is depended on what property of the fluid?

a. Pressure
b. Density
c. Specific gravity
d. Viscosity

A

b. Density

68
Q

What important change occurs when laminar flow changes to turbulent flow?

a. Viscosity increases
b. Flow increases
c. Temperature increases
d. Resistance increases

A

d. Resistance increases

69
Q

A Bourdon Gauge reads 100 p.s.i. What is the pressure inside the cylinder? Note: 14.5 p.s.i. is 1 atm.

a. 85.5 psi
b. 101 psi
c. 114.5 psi
d. 100 psi

A

c. 114.5 psi

70
Q

Beer’s law explains the operation of the

a. mass spectrometer
b. Doppler probe
c. oxygen analyzer
d. pulse oximeter

A

d. pulse oximeter

71
Q

Two soap bubbles are shown in the following figure. How does the pressure inside the large bubble compare with the pressure inside the small bubble?

a. P(L) = 1/2 P(s)
b. P(L) = P(s)
c. P(L) = 2 P(s)
d. P(L) = 16P(s)

A

a. P(L) = 1/2 P(s)

72
Q

What happens to alveoli that do not have surfactant?

a. they all shrink in size
b. they all increase in size
c. smaller alveoli collapse into larger ones
d. larger alveoli collapse into smaller ones

A

c. smaller alveoli collapse into larger ones

73
Q

If flow is laminar, resistance to flow through a cylindrical tube will increase if:

a. the length of the tube increases
b. a fluid with decreased viscosity is used
c. the diameter of the tube increases
d. flow rate decreases

A

a. the length of the tube increases

74
Q

Which of the following parameters is not used to calculate the Reynolds’s number?

a. velocity of the fluid
b. viscosity of the fluid
c. pressure exerted by the fluid
d. diameter of the tube

A

c. pressure exerted by the fluid

75
Q

If flow is laminar, what happens to flow when the pressure gradient changes from 100 mmHg(120-20 mmHg) to 150 mmHg(160 - 10 mmHg)?

a. it increases by 1.5 times
b. it increases by 2 times
c. it is decreased by 50%
d. it does not change

A

a. it increases by 1.5 times

76
Q

Laminar flow becomes turbulent when Reynolds’s number exceeds:

a. 20
b. 200
c. 2,000
d. 20,000

A

c. 2,000

77
Q

Nebulizers use:

a. high pressures
b. laminar flow
c. azetropes
d. Venturi tubes

A

d. Venturi Tubes

78
Q

How many mg are there in 10 mL of a 4% solution of cocaine?

a. 200 mg
b. 400 mg
c. 600 mg
d. 800 mg

A

b. 400 mg

79
Q

As an E cylinder of oxygen empties, ice crystals form near the outlet. This is explained by:

a. Hagen-Poiseuille’s
b. Joule-Thompson
c. Bernoulli
d. Avogadro

A

b. Joule-Thompson

80
Q

Who sevoflurane is accidentally placed in a halothane vaporizer and the dial is set at 1%, the actual % delivered with be:

a. about 2%
b. more than 2%
c. less than 2%

A

c. less than 2%

81
Q

What volume will be occupied by 16 grams(1/2 mole) of O2 at standard temperature and pressure?(assume that O2 is an ideal gas):

a. 11.2 liters
b. 16.6 liters
c. 22.4 liters
d. 44.8 liters

A

a. 11.2 liters

82
Q

When N20 is turned on, gas bubbles in the body expand. What law applies?

a. Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s
b. Fick’s
c. Dalton’s
d. Henry’s

A

b. Fick’s

83
Q

What is partial pressure of isoflurane when the concentration delivered to the patient is 1.5%?

a. 1.6 mmHg
b. 11.4 mmHg
c. 15.4 mmHg
d. 114 mmHg

A

b. 11.4 mmHg

84
Q

What conditions will optimize the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid?

PARTIAL PRESSURE—–TEMPERATURE

a. Increased—–Increased
b. Increased—–Decreased
c. Decreased—–Increased
d. Decreased—–Decreased

A

b. Increased—–Decreased

85
Q

The buildup of an inhalational anesthetic in the brain is fastest for an agent that has:

a. low blood solubility
b. high blood solubility
c. low lipid solubility
d. high lipid solubility

A

a. low blood solubility

86
Q

The most potent inhalational anesthetics have:

a. low blood solubility
b. high blood solubility
c. low lipid solubility
d. high lipid solubility

A

d. high lipid solubility

87
Q

If the Ostwald blood:gas partition coefficient is 2.0, then each liter of blood will have as many molecules as one liter of alveolar gas.

a. one-fifth
b. one-half
c. the same number
d. twice

A

d. twice

88
Q

If the partial pressure of a gas over a liquid doubles, the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid:

a. halves
b. remains the same
c. doubles
d. increases 16 times

A

c. doubles

89
Q

Which gas can be liquefied at room temperature:

a. Oxygen
b. Nitrous oxide
c. both
d. neither

A

b. nitrous oxide

90
Q

When a gas cylinder connected to an anesthetic machine is turned on quickly and the pressure in the connecting pipes and gauges rises rapidly, the process is:

a. isothermal(constant temperature) and heat is rapidly dissipated
b. isothermal(constant temperature) and adiabatic
c. adiabatic and temperature increases substantially
d. adiabatic and temperature decreases substantially

A

c. adiabatic and temperature increases substantially

91
Q

Which inhalational anesthetic has a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.40?

a. Halothane
b. Enflurane
c. Isoflurane
d. Desflurane

A

c. Isoflurane

92
Q

Recovery from which of the following inhalational agents will be fastest?

a. Halothane
b. Enflurane
c. Isoflurane
d. Desflurane

A

d. Desflurane

93
Q

What happens to pressure in the middle ear when the N20(70%) is turned off?

a. it decreases
b. it increases
c. it does not change

A

a. it decreases

94
Q

Substance “X” will diffuse at a faster rate across the alveolar-capillary wall than substance “Y” if substance “X” is more:

a. viscous
b. dense
c. lipid soluble
d. charged

A

c. lipid soluble

95
Q

The rate of diffusion of a gas across the alveolar capillary membrane is inversely proportional to the:

a. thickness of the membrane
b. square of the molecular weight
c. partial pressure gradient
d. lipid solubility

A

a. thickness of the membrane

96
Q

The factors that determine the amount of gas diffusing across the alveolar capillary membrane are described by:

a. Henry’s law
b. Fick’s law
c. Boyle’s law
d. Ideal(universal) gas law

A

b. Fick’s law

97
Q

Which of the following substances does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier?

a. N20
b. glucose
c. Mannitol
d. N2

A

c. Mannitol

98
Q

Which of the following substances does not diffuse across the capillary wall of retina of the eye?

a. Glucose
b. Mannitol
c. Sodium ions
d. Albumin

A

d. Albumin

99
Q

A gas shown diffusing across a membrane at two different times. The partial pressures are indicated. The rate of diffusion at time 1(left) is how many times faster than at time 2(right)?

a. 3x
b. 4x
c. 5x
d. 6x

A

c. 5x

100
Q

N2 and N20 are diffusing through the air(not across a membrane). N2 will diffuse faster than N20. Whose law applies?

a. Graham’s law
b. Henry’s law
c. Dalton’s law
d. Hagen-Poiseuille’s’s law

A

a. Graham’s law

101
Q

Each of the following substances will exert an osmotic pressure across a cell membrane EXCEPT:

a. NaCl
b. MgSO4
c. CO2
d. mannitol

A

c. CO2

102
Q

Intravenous infusion of which of the following substances would be most effective in promoting the osmotic movement of water into the circulation from the extracellular space?

a. NaCl
b. Mannitol
c. Dextrose
d. Albumin

A

d. Albumin

103
Q

The pressure in a cylinder of O2 decreases as it empties. What law applies?

a. Boyle’s
b. Ideal
c. Dalton’s
d. Raoult’s

A

b. Ideal

104
Q

When a full E cylinder of oxygen is brought from the loading dock where the temperature is 40’C to the operating room where the temperature is set at 21’C, the pressure in the cylinder will increase or decrease? Whose law applies?

a. pressure decreases, and Charle’s law applies
b. pressure increases and Charle’s law applies
c. pressure decreases and Gay-Lussac’s law applies
d. pressure increases and Gay-Lussac’s law applies

A

c. pressure decreases and Gay-Lussac’s law applies

105
Q

Helium/oxygen mixtures are used medical for

a. upper airway obstruction
b. lower airway obstruction
c. cardiac output measurements
d. tidal volume measurements

A

a. upper airway obstruction

106
Q

What is the water vapor pressure in the alveoli?

a. 25 mmHg
b. 40 mmHg
c. 47 mmHg
d. 60 mmHg

A

c. 47 mmHg

107
Q

The clinically significant difference between N2 and N20 is their:

a. blood solubilities
b. lipid solubilities
c. molecular weights
d. viscosities

A

a. blood solubilities

108
Q

When the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood increase from 100 to 600 mmHg, the amount of dissolved O2 increases by how much?

a. 0.8 mL O2/100 mL blood
b. 1.2 mL O2/100 mL blood
c. 1.5 mL O2/100 mL blood
d. 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood

A

c. 1.5 mL O2/100 mL

109
Q

What two parameters are used to calculate resistance to flow through a tube?

a. tube length and tube radius
b. density and viscosity of fluid
c. pressure gradient and flow
d. temperature and Reynolds’s number

A

c. pressure gradient and flow

110
Q

In a Venturi tube, the lateral pressure upstream from the narrowing is:

a. greater than in the narrowed region
b. less than in the narrowed region
c. not determinable
d. the same as in the narrowed region

A

a. greater than in the narrowed region

111
Q

High temperatures may be generated when empty cylinders are transfixed from larger cylinders. This is called the:

a. Bohr effect
b. Adiabatic effect
c. Dalton’s effect
d. Henry’s effect

A

b. Adiabatic effect

112
Q

The Joule-Thomson effect describes the decrease in temperature when a

a. gas exiting a compressed cylinder expands freely
b. liquid vaporizes
c. gas is compressed
d. gas exits a compressed cylinder into a closed system

A

a. gas exiting a compressed cylinder expands freely

113
Q

Soda lime consists of silica, water and

a. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and barium hydroxide
b. sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride and calcium phosphate
c. sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate
d. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide

A

d. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide

114
Q

What law permits calculation of resistance to flow through a tube?

a. Bernoulli’s law
b. Henry’s law
c. Ohm’s law
d. Boyle’s law

A

c. Ohm’s law

115
Q

If isoflurane is placed in an enflurane vaporizer and the dial is set at 2%, what will be the delivered concentration of isoflurane?

a. greater than 2%
b. less than 2%
c. 2%

A

a. greater than 2%

116
Q

The jet ventilator operates on

a. LeChatelier’s principle
b. the Venturi effect
c. the Beer-Lambert law
d. Ohm’s law

A

b. the Venturi effect

117
Q

In the graph shown, each side of the container holds gases with a pressure of 760 mmHg. If the dividing wall were perforated to allow diffusion

a. O2 would diffuse from A to B and N20 from B to A
b. O2 would diffuse from B to A and N20 from A to B
c. O2 and N20 wold diffuse from A to B
d. O2 and N20 would diffuse from B to A

A

b. O2 would diffuse from B to A and N20 from A to B

118
Q

A mechanism used to reduce the pressure of a gas as it rises from a compressed gas cylinder to a useable, nearly constant pressure is a

a. gauge
b. flowmeter
c. ball valve
d. regulator

A

d. regulator

119
Q

Identical syringes are fitted with needles of different bores. The internal diameters of the needles are in the ratio of 1:2. the same force is applied to the plungers. The volume ejected in unit time is

a. 2 times greater through the large needle
b. 8 times greater through the large needle
c. 16 times greater through the large needle
d. 32 times greater through the large needle

A

c. 16 times greater through the large needle

120
Q

The greater the distance between an X-ray source and the anesthetist, the lower the intensity of exposure to the X-rays. The law describing this is

a. inverse square law
b. superimposition principle
c. law of mass action
d. Ohm’s law

A

a. inverse square law

121
Q

The density of a gas

a. determines its flow through an orifice
b. is related to the explosive potential
c. is important in laminar flow
d. is independent of temperature

A

a. determines its flow through an orifice

122
Q

Most of the heat loss from the body occurs by

a. conduction
b. radiation
c. convection
d. evaporation

A

b. radiation

123
Q

A 1:250,000 concentration of epinephrine is how many micrograms per mL?

a. 4 mcg/mL
b. 8 mcg/mL
c. 12 mcg/mL
d. 16 mcg/mL

A

a. 4 mcg/mL

124
Q

In the supine individual, the pulse pressure in the doornails pedis is greater than in the aorta. this is explained by

a. the superimposition principle
b. LeChatelier’s principle
c. Bernoulli’s principle
d. the law of mass action

A

a. the superimposition principle

125
Q

Which of the following principles is utilized in delivery of a gas through a side arm port?

a. Fick’s
b. Dalton’s
c. Hagen-Ppiseuille’s’s
d. Bernoulli’s

A

d. Bernoulli’s

126
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in air at one atmosphere is

a. 100 mmHg
b. 188 mmHg
c. 159 mmHg
d. 256 mmHg

A

c. 159 mmHg

127
Q

The mass spectrometer is reading 5% for end-tidal CO2; what is its approximate equivalent in mmHg?

a. 28 mmHg
b. 38 mmHg
c. 48 mmHg
d. 68 mmHg

A

b. 28 mmHg

128
Q

Which statement is false about the lipid bilayer?

a. It has cholesterol as one of its components
b. It is comprised mostly of phospholipids
c. It is devoid of proteins
d. It is asymmetrical

A

c. It is devoid of proteins

129
Q

Competitive antagonists attach to receptors and

a. damage the receptor
b. mimic agonist
c. uncouple receptors from G proteins
d. prevent attachment of agonist

A

d. prevent attachment of agonist

130
Q

Flow is 5 liter/min(2.5 liters/min O2 and 2.5 liters/min N20) through a copper kettle vaporizer, and a 2% concentration of halothane is achieved. If the N20 runs out, the halothane concentration delivered to the patient will be

a. 0.5%
b. 1.0%
c. 2.0%
d. 4.0%

A

d. 4.0%

131
Q

If halothane is added to a flask sitting on a laboratory bench containing 100% O2, what will be the resulting partial pressure of O2 in the gas above the halothane liquid?

a. 760 mmHg
b. 517 mmHg
c. 160 mmHg
d. 110 mmHg

A

b. 517 mmHg

132
Q

If isoflurane is placed in an enflurane vaporizer and you set the dial at 2%, what will happen to the % of anesthetic delivered?

a. A higher concentration of isoflurane will be delivered than the 2% dialed in
b. A lower concentration of isoflurane will be delivered than the 2% dialed in
c. The same concentration of isoflurane will be delivered as the 2% dialed in

A

a. A higher concentration of isoflurane will be delivered than the 2% dialed in

133
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of N20?

A

1.4

134
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of Desflurane?

A

19

135
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of Sevoflurane?

A

47

136
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of Isoflurane?

A

91

137
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of Enflurane?

A

97

138
Q

What is the Oil:Gas partition coefficient of Halothane?

A

24

139
Q

What is the Mac value of N20?

A

104%

140
Q

What is the Mac value of Desflurane?

A

6.6%

141
Q

What is the Mac value of Sevoflurane?

A

1.8%

142
Q

What is the Mac value of Isoflurane?

A

1.17%

143
Q

What is the Mac value of Enflurane?

A

1.63%

144
Q

What is the Mac value of Halothane?

A

0.75%

145
Q

What is the B:G coefficient of Halothane?

A

2.50

146
Q

What is the B:G coefficient of Isoflurane?

A

1.46

147
Q

What is the B:G coefficient of Desflurane?

A

0.42

148
Q

What is the B:G coefficient of Sevoflurane?

A

0.65

149
Q

What is the B:G coefficient of Nitrous Oxide?

A

0.46

Valley Prep (14 decks)

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