Validity And Reliability Flashcards
What is validity
Accuracy
What is internal validity
Is it a true/ accurate measure of what it set out to measure
What are the different types of internal validity
- face validity
- construct validity
- criterion validity ( concurrent and predictive )
What is face validity and what is an example of high face validity
Does the measure ‘appear’ to measure what it set out to.
Example = if someone looks happy then we might assume that happiness is their valid state
What is construct validity and what is an example of high construct validity
Does the study measure the full range of components that make up a behaviour
Example = looking a body language, contentment and optimistic outlook not just a simile on their face when measuring happiness
What is criterion validity and what are the 2 types of criterion validity
Does they measurement of a variable in one way relate to the measurement of the same variable but in a different way
Types= concurrent and predictive
What is concurrent validity and what is an example of high concurrent validity
Does a new measurement or test measure the same thing as an old one that has already been validated.
Example = if someone passed on the old driving test then they should pass on the new one
What is predictive validity and what is an example of high predictive validity
Does the measurement of a behaviour predict the performance on another related measurement.
Example = someone who performed very well in their GCSEs should also perform well in their alevels
What is external validity
Can the findings be generalised beyond the sample. If you can then the study is externally valid.
What are the 3 different types of external validity
Population validity
Ecological validity
Temporal validity
What is population validity and what is an example of low population validity
The extent to which finding can be generalised to the target population
Example= want to find out about all adults but only use 50 female psychology undergraduates
What is ecological validity and what is an example of low ecological validity
The extent to which findings can be generalised to real life situations
Example = want to investigate the effect of something on driving but you use a driving simulator which is an artificial environment and doesn’t have the same surrounds as driving normally
What is temporal validity and what is an example of low temporal validity
The extent to which findings can be generalised to different time periods.
Example = a study investigating attitudes towards tv adverts in the 70s and 80s may have very different findings to now due to media ads becoming more common. So previous study lack temporal validity
What is reliability
Consistency
What is internal reliability
How consistent the procedure is e.g. are all participants experiencing the same thing and being treated in the same way.
How do we test for internal reliability
Split half method = spilt the test in half and compare the performance on one half with performance on the other half, a strong positive correlation indicates reliability.
Inter-rater reliability
What is external reliability
If the procedure has been repeated are the results consistent is so then it has high external reliability
How do we check for external reliability
Test-retest method = repeat the test on more than one occasion and compare performance on the test a strong positive correlation indicates reliability
;how do you identify the level of internal validity in an experiment
What levels or control are there
Are participants aware
how do you identify the level of external validity in an experiment
Where is the setting
What is the task
how do you identify the level of internal reliability in an experiment
What level of control is there
Have all ppts had the same experience
how do you identify the level of external reliability in an experiment
Has the procedure been repeated
how do you identify the level of internal validity in an correlation
How have the variables been measured
Could there be other factors influencing the relationship
Are the measures being done in a controlled way
how do you identify the level of internal reliability in an correlation
What level of control is there
Have all the ppts had the same measure
