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Psychology Reasearch Methods > Descriptive Data > Flashcards

Descriptive Data Flashcards

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1
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Information in numerical form

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2
Q

What are the strengths of quantitative data

A

-allows for easy comparison between groups.
-often use objective measures which cannot be misinterpreted

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3
Q

Hat are the weaknesses of quantitative data

A
  • methods of measurement may limit participants responses from being detailed, therefore making data less valid and less useful as we don’t know why
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4
Q

What is qualitative data

A

Information in non-numerical form

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5
Q

What is the strength of qualitative data

A
  • better detailed responses as participants express themselves freely and you can understand why
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6
Q

What is weakness of qualitative data

A

-subjective measure
-harder to compare as each participant gives individual measures

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7
Q

What is primary data

A

The results are coming straight from the source

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8
Q

What is secondary data

A

They have not collected the results themselves

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9
Q

What is the strength of primary data

A

The researcher can ensure that data is collected properly and can have more faith in the validity

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10
Q

What is the weaknesses of primary data

A

You need to plan a suitable and ethical procedure which would take time

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11
Q

What is the strength of secondary data

A

The data already exists so it saves time and is quick and easy to access

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12
Q

What is the weakness in secondary data

A

The quality of the data is subject to any weaknesses present in the original design. Therefore the validity could be questionable.

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13
Q

What is nominal data

A

Simple data which has two or more categories that are the dv not the IV. Only total scores are given not individual participant scores.

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14
Q

What is ordinal data

A

You have the data for each individual hand these result can be placed in rank order. However scientific units aren’t given

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15
Q

What is interval data

A

Results are made up of numbers that come from a scientific scale. The numbers can also go into negatives. Example = temperature

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16
Q

What is ratio data

A

Results are made up of numbers that come from a scientific scale. Ratio data has an absolute zero so can’t go in to negatives. Example = time

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17
Q

What is a strength of nominal data

A

Easy to analyse

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18
Q

What is a weakness of nominal data

A

Doesn’t allow for comparison between individuals as there is no individual scores

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19
Q

What is the strength of ordinal data

A

Allows for some comparison and the data can be simplified into nominal data

20
Q

What is the weakness of ordinal data

A

Doesn’t always allow you to see the difference between participants and there are no scientific units

21
Q

What is the strength of interval and ratio data

A

Universally accepted units allows for detailed comparison between participants.
The data can be simplified into both ordinal and nominal data

22
Q

What is the weakness of interval and ratio dat

A

No weakness

23
Q

What are the steps to calculate the standard deviation and what is the equation

A
  1. Add up the NUMBER of scores give
  2. Calculate the mean
  3. Calculate the difference between the mean and each individual score
  4. Square the difference
  5. Find sum of squares
  6. Divide sum of squares by the number of score given =variance
  7. Square root the variance
24
Q

What is the mean and what type of data is it suitable for

A

You add up all the score and divide by number of scores. Suitable for interval, ratio or ordinal

25
Q

What is median and what type of data is it suitable for

A

It’s the middle value when the data is placed in order. Most suitable for ordinal but can also be used for ratio/interval.

26
Q

What is the advantage of mean

A

Use all of the raw data

27
Q

What is the weakness of mean

A

Is affected by extreme score so may be misleading

28
Q

what is the strength of median

A

Not affected by extreme scores

29
Q

What is the weakness of median

A

Can be distorted by small samples

30
Q

What is mode and what is it suitable for

A

The value that appears the most. Is suitable for nominal data

31
Q

What is a strength of mode

A

Not influenced by extreme scores and shows the most popular result

32
Q

What is the weakness of mode

A

Doesn’t use all of the data

33
Q

What is variance and what is it suitable for

A

Considers the difference between each data point and the mean

34
Q

What is the strength of variance

A

Takes every score into account so isn’t as effected by outliners as range is

35
Q

What is the weakness of variance

A

It’s harder to calculate than range and isn’t in line with the ordinal data set

36
Q

What is standard deviation

A

It’s the spread of data around the mean

37
Q

What is the strength of standard deviation

A

All data is used so isn’t as effected by outliers as range is

38
Q

What is a weakness of standard deviation

A

It requires a more complex calculation compared to range

39
Q

What is range and what is it suitable for

A

Calculated by finding the difference between highest and lowest score . Suitable for interval/ratio and ordinal

40
Q

What is the weakness of range

A

It can be influenced by outlining scores so may be misleading and tells us nothing about the distribution of the other scores

41
Q

What is the strength of the range

A

Easy to calculate

42
Q

What are the steps for collecting recording and presenting quantitative data

A
  1. Data is initially recorder in a raw data table
  2. The raw data is then summarised into a summary table using totals and appropriate central tendencies.
  3. Summarised data can then be placed onto an appropriately labelled graph
43
Q

When would you use a bar chart

A

When the data is given in separate categories

44
Q

WHen would you use a pie chart

A

The data must consist of frequencies or portions that can Be expressed as a fraction

45
Q

When would you use a histogram

A

It is used to shown the pattern in a whole data set where there is continuous end data. It can be used on an ordinal or interval scale

46
Q

When would you use a scatter graph

A

Used to show the finding of a correlation study

47
Q

When would you use a line graph

A

It’s an alternative way to represent the data shown in a histogram so can be used on an ordinal or interval scale.

Psychology Reasearch Methods (15 decks)

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