Validity And Reiablity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of reliability?

A

Measure of consistency.
If the study is repeated it will produce the same results.

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2
Q

What are the ways of assessing reliability?

A
  1. Test-retest
  2. Inter-observer reliability
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3
Q

What is Test-retest?

A
  • Giving the same test/ questionnaire to the same person on different occasions.
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4
Q

What must there be between test-retests?

A

Time so that answers aren’t recalled.

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5
Q

What happens to the scores of test-retest?

A

Sets of scores are correlated - if the correlations is significant and positive then reliability is assumed to be good.

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6
Q

What should happen during inter-observer reliability?

A
  • Should conduct observers with not her researcher.
  • Behavioural categories should be applied the same way.
  • Can be correlated
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7
Q

How can we improve the reliability of questionnaires?

A
  • Test-retest.
  • Comparing sets of data should produce a correlation that exceeds +80.
  • Some questions may have to be re-written if they have low test-retest reliability.
  • Some questions may be hard to interpret.
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8
Q

How do we improve the reliability of interviews?

A
  • The same interviewer each time.
  • Questions aren’t too leading or ambitious.
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9
Q

How do we improve the reliability of observations?

A
  • Behavioural categories should be properly operationalised.
  • Categories should be less open to interpretation and not overlap.
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10
Q

Improving experiments reliability.

A
  • Lab experiments have the highest control and show precise replication rather than reliability of a finding.
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11
Q

What does validity mean?

A

Whether a test produces a result that’s legitimate.

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12
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Whether effects in an experiment are due to manipulation of IV or another factor.

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13
Q

What is external validity?

A

Factors outside investigation and whether the results can be applied to the population/ settings.

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14
Q

Ecological validity

A

Generalising findings from one setting to another - usually real life

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15
Q

What is temporal validity?

A

Whether finds hold true over time

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16
Q

How do we assess validity?

A

Face validity
Concurrent validity

17
Q

Face validity

A
  • Whther a test appears valid on the face.
  • Whether it appears to measure what it claims to measure
18
Q

Concurrent validity

A
  • When results are close to or the same as another recognised and well-established test.
  • Close agreement
  • Correlation exceeding +80
19
Q

How do you improve validity of experiments?

A
  • Using a control group.
  • Assess whether changes in DV are due to manipulation of IV.
  • Standardised procedures.
  • Minimised participant reactivity and investigator effects.
  • Using single-blind and double-blind procedures.
20
Q

How do we improve validity of questionnaires?

A
  • Incorporate a lie scale.
  • Assess he consistency of response and controls social desirability bias.
  • Ensure data is anonymous
21
Q

How Dow e improve the validity of observations?

A
  • Covert observations produce data with high ecological validity.
22
Q

How do you improve the validity of qualitative methods?

A
  • Higher ecological validity.
  • Improved with triangulation - using a number of sources.