Sampling Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sampling?

A

How we choose our participants

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2
Q

Random sample

A

All members of the target population have an equal chance of being chosen.
Complete list of names of all members of population is obtained and the sample is selected randomly

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3
Q

Systematic sample

A

Every nth member of the target population is chosen

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4
Q

Stratified sample

A

Sample reflects proportions of people in certain subgroups.
Different strata that make up a population are identified.
Then the proportions of the strata are worked out.
Finally the participants that make up each stratum are selected using random sampling

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5
Q

Opportunity sample

A

Researcher simply decides to select anyone who is willing and available

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6
Q

Volunteer sample

A

Participants select themselves to be part of the sample, they volunteer

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7
Q

Random sampling evaluation

A
  • Unbiased as the researcher has no influence on who is selected - confounding and extraneous variables are controlled - enhances internal validity.
  • Time-consuming and may not work - a complete list of the population is hard to get and some participants may refuse to take part. The sample may still be unrepresentative at the end
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8
Q

Systematic sampling evaluation

A
  • unbiased - the first item is usually selected at random - objective
  • time and effort - a complete list of the population is required
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9
Q

Stratified sampling evaluation

A
  • avoids researcher bias and is more representative of a target population - it accurately reflects the composition of the population
  • stratification isn’t perfect - identified strata can’t reflect all the ways that people are different so complete representation of the target population is impossible
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10
Q

Opportunity sampling evaluation

A
  • convenient and cheap - less time consuming
  • unrepresentative of the target population and the researcher has complete control over the selection of the participants
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11
Q

Volunteer sampling evaluation

A
  • convenient and cheap - less time consuming
  • may attract a certain type of person - will be unrepresentative of the population
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