Self-report Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Asking people why they behave the way they do:

A
  • questionnaires
  • interviews
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2
Q

Questionnaires

A
  • Pre-set list of written questions to which participants responds.
  • Could be used on their own or part of an experiment to assess the DV.
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3
Q

open questions

A
  • No fixed answers. Respondents can answer in any way they want.
  • Produce qualitative data which is rich in detail but may be difficult to analyse.
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4
Q

Closed questions

A
  • Fixed responses.
  • Easy to analyse ( quantitive data) may lack depth and detail.
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5
Q

Types of closed questions

A
  1. Likely scale - Respondent indicates their agreement with a scale of usually 5 points.
  2. Rating Scale - respondents identify a value that represents their strength of feeling about a particular topic.
  3. Fixed choice option - a list of possible options and respondents are required to indicate those that apply to them.
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6
Q

Strengths of questionnaires

A
  • Can be anonymous.
  • Easy way to collect data.
  • Quick, easy, efficient.
  • Sample sizes can be big.
  • Cost-effective.
  • Researcher doesn’t have to be present for postal questionnaires - little effort required.
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7
Q

Limitations of questionnaires

A
  • People can lie affecting validity of the study.
  • People can’t expand on their answers.
  • Demand characteristics.
  • Social desirability bias.
  • Response bias - replying in a similar way for all questions.
  • Data may lack validity.
  • Boredom, answering questions too quickly.
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8
Q

Interviews

A

Usually face-to-face interaction between the researcher and participant.

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9
Q

Unstructured interviews

A
  • Works like a conversation - no set questions.
  • Interviewee can expand and elaborate their answers.
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10
Q

semi-structured interviews

A

A list of questions worked out in advance but follow-up questions can be asked

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11
Q

Designing an interview

A
  • Interview schedule - list of questions.
  • Should be standardised to reduce risk of interviewer bias.
  • Group interviews may be more appropriate in some cases.
  • One-to-one interviews: quiet room away from people - participant more likely to open up.
  • Start interview with neutral questions to relax participant and establish rapport.
  • Remind interviewees their answers will be kept private.
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12
Q

Writing good questions

A
  • Don’t overuse jargon - keep questions simple.
  • Don’t use emotive language and leading questions.
  • Don’t use double-barrelled questions and double-negatives.
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