Validity

Question 1

What is internal validity

Answer 1

A measure of whether out results obtained are solely affected by changes in the variable.
E.g. Face and Concurrent

Question 2

What is external validity

Answer 2

A measure of whether data can be generalised to other situations outside of the research environment.
E.g. Ecological and Temporal

Question 3

What is face validity

Answer 3

Whether the test appears to measure what it says it measures.
Low- Questions about memory in depression questionnaire.

Question 4

What is concurrent validity

Answer 4

Where the performance of the test in question is compared to a tests that is already trusted within the same field.
Low- compared results are different
High-compared results are similar

Question 5

What is ecological validity

Answer 5

The extent to with psychologists can apply their findings to other settings predominantly to everyday life.
Low- Bobo Doll Study
High-Schaffer and Emmerson Baby study in home.

Question 6

What is temporal validity

Answer 6

Refers to the extent to which research findings can be applied across time.
Low- Feud Penis envy was made in a patriarchal society.

Question 7

How to test face validity

Answer 7

Ask a specialist

Question 8

How to test concurrent validity

Answer 8

Compare to pre-established results. Concurrent with +0.8

Question 9

What is a single blind condition

Answer 9

Participants do not know what condition they are in but the researcher does.

Question 10

What is a double blind condition

Answer 10

Neither the participants nor the researcher know what condition they are in.

Question 11

What is a lie scale

Answer 11

Asking two of the same questions in different ways, to see if the participant lies or contradict themselves. E.g 1-5 i sleep well at night, my sleeping has become worse. Both with same answer means data is removed and invalid.

Question 12

How can you improve validity in an experiment

Answer 12

Use standardised instructions
Compare to a control group
Use a single blind procedure
Use a double blind procedure.

Question 13

How do you increase validity in questionnaires

Answer 13

Use a lie scale
Keep responses anonymous

Question 14

How do you increase validity in observations.

Answer 14

Conduct a covert (undercover) version.

Question 15

How do you increase validity in interviews

Answer 15

Use direct quotations when transcribing
Triangulation

Question 16

What is social desirability bias

Answer 16

The tendency to underreport socially undesirable attitudes and behaviours and over report more desirable attributes to be seen in a more positive light.
Affects questionnaires and interviews.

Question 17

What is investigator effects

Answer 17

Unwanted influences that the investigator communicates to participants that affects their behaviour such as being more encouraging to certain participants or giving more prompts.
Affects interviews

Question 18

What is conformation bias

Answer 18

The tendency to seek out and prefer information that supports our pre-existing beliefs, making us ignore any information contradicting belief.
Affects observations