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GU pt 2 > Vag A&P > Flashcards

Vag A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the uterus is the tapering central portion?

A

Body

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2
Q

What part of the uterus is the narrow portion opening into the vagina?

A

Cervix

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3
Q

What is the interior body of the uterus called?

A

Uterine cavity

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4
Q

What is the middle layer of the uterus and consists of smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall?

A

Myometrium

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5
Q

What is the innermost layer of the uterus?

A

Endometrium

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6
Q

Which part of the uterus nourishes a growing fetus and sheds each month during menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

A

Endometrium

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7
Q

What is a tubular canal that extends from the exterior of the body to the uterine cervix?

A

Vagina

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8
Q

What is the receptacle for the penis during intercourse, outlet for menstrual flow and passageway for child birth?

A

Vagina

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9
Q

Where is the vagina located?

A

Situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum

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10
Q

A recess in the vagina that surrounds the cervix is called?

A

Fornix

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11
Q

What neutralizes the acidity of the vagina and increases viability of sperm?

A

Alkaline components of semen from the seminal vesicles

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12
Q

What is a thin fold of mucous membrane partially covering the vaginal orifice called?

A

Hymen

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13
Q

What is the diamond shaped area between the thighs and buttocks of both males and females that contain external genitals and anus?

A

Perineum

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14
Q

What refers to the external genitals of the female?

A

Vulva or pudendum

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15
Q

What is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair and cushions pubic symphysis?

A

Mons pubis

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16
Q

What are the 2 longitudinal folds of the mons pubis that extend down and to the back?

A

Labia majora

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17
Q

What are the 2 folds of skin medial to the labia majora?

A

Labia minora

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18
Q

What is a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of the labia minora?

A

Clitoris

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19
Q

What are the glands in the wall of the urethra that secrete mucus and are the same embryonic tissue as the male prostate?

A

Skene glands

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20
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands which produce a small amount of mucus during arousal and intercourse and are the female equivalent to males bulbourethral glands?

A

Bartholin glands

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21
Q

What are modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk?

A

Mammary glands

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22
Q

Each mammary gland consists of how many lobes?

A

15-20 lobes arranged radially

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23
Q

What is the ligament that supports the breast?

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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24
Q

What are milk secreting glands in the smaller lobules of each lobe in the breast called?

A

Alveoli

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25
Q

What hormones at puberty develop female breasts?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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26
Q

Milk production is stimulated primarily by which hormones?

A

Prolactin, with contributions from progesterone and estrogen

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27
Q

Where is the hormone prolactin secreted from
during lactation?

A

Anterior pituitary

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28
Q

Ejection of milk stimulated from what hormone and where is the hormone released from?

A

Oxytocin, from the posterior pituitary gland

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29
Q

What is the formation and development of gametes in females?

A

Oogenesis

30
Q

Hormones for the female productive cycle are secreted from where?

A

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries

31
Q

What is released from the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

32
Q

GnRH stimulates the release of what hormones and from where?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland

33
Q

What hormone INITIATES follicle growth?

A

FSH

34
Q

Growing follicles secrete what hormone?

A

Estrogen

35
Q

What hormone stimulates FURTHER develops ovarian follicles and what do they begin to fully secrete?

A

LH, fully secretes estrogen

36
Q

At mid cycle, LH triggers what and promotes the formation of what?

A

Ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum

37
Q

The corpus luteum produces and excretes what hormones?

A

Estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin

38
Q

How does estrogen effect cholesterol?

A

Lowers cholesterol

39
Q

What hormones prepare and maintain the endometrium for implantation and prepare mammary glands for secretion?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

40
Q

What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum during each monthly cycle?

A

Relaxin

41
Q

Relaxin has what effect on the uterus on the uterus?

A

Relaxes the uterus by inhibiting contractions of the myometrium

42
Q

What produces more relaxin during pregnancy?

A

Placenta

43
Q

What hormone assists at the end of pregnancy by increasing flexibility of the pubic symphysis and dilate the cervix?

A

Relaxin

44
Q

What is secreted by growing follicles and by the corpus luteum after ovulation?

A

Inhibin

45
Q

Inhibin inhibits the secretion of what hormones?

A

FSH and to a lesser extent LH

46
Q

What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle?

A

24-36 days

47
Q

What are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle?

A

Menstruation, pre ovulatory, ovulation, ovulation, post ovulation

48
Q

How long is the menstrual phase?

A

5 days

49
Q

What marks the beginning of a new cycle?

A

First day of menses

50
Q

What is occurring in the ovaries during menstruation?

A

Ovarian follicles grow and enlarge

51
Q

How much menstrual flow from the uterus is expected during menstruation?

A

50-150ml

52
Q

What declining levels hormones cause the endometrium to slough off?

A

Declining levels of estrogen and progesterone

53
Q

What phase is the most varied in the cycle and how long does it last?

A

Pre ovulatory phase, 6-13 days

54
Q

What is occurring in the ovaries by day 6 of pre ovulatory phase?

A

Single follicle in one of the ovaries has outgrown the others

55
Q

What is secreted by the dominant follicle during the pre ovulatory phase?

A

Estrogen and inhibin

56
Q

During pre-ovulatory phase, why do less developed follicles begin to stop growing and die?

A

Increased estrogen and inhibin decrease FSH

57
Q

What does the dominant follicle become in the pre ovulatory phase?

A

Mature (graafian) follicle

58
Q

During maturation of the graafian follicle, what hormone increases in production?

A

Estrogen under the influence of increasing LH

59
Q

What are the menstrual and pre-ovulatory phases called?

A

Follicular phase

60
Q

What is occurring in the uterus during the pre-ovulatory phase?

A

Repair of the endometrium

61
Q

What hormone allows for the repair of the endometrium in the pre-ovulatory phase?

A

Estrogen

62
Q

What phase of the female reproductive cycle does the rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle and release of the secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity occur?

A

Ovulation

63
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14 of the 28 day cycle

64
Q

High levels of estrogen from the pre ovulatory phase stimulates which structures to release which hormones?

A

GnRH from the hypothalamus
LH from the anterior pituitary

65
Q

GnRH promotes the release of which hormone during ovulation?

A

Release of more LH

66
Q

What does the increase in LH during ovulation do?

A

Causes rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle and expulsion of secondary oocyte

67
Q

How long is the post ovulatory phase?

A

14 days, from day 15-28

68
Q

What occurs in the ovaries during the post ovulatory phase if the oocyte is not fertilized?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans after 2 weeks

69
Q

During post ovulatory phase, if the oocyte is not fertilized, declining levels of progesterone, estrogen and inhibin decline resulting in what?

A

Release of GnRH, FSH, LH and follicular growth resumes

70
Q

If the oocyte is fertilized, what occurs in the ovaries?

A

Corpus luteum is rescued by hCG

71
Q

When does hCG begin to be produced by the embryo?

A

About 8 days after fertilization

GU pt 2 (24 decks)

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