Vaccines (intro slides) Flashcards
Infectious disease remains a major cause of ____ & ____
Death & disability
Define Vaccines
Immunizations containing weakened or altered protein Ag that stimulate formation of Ab against a specific disease
Do live-attenuated vaccines cause the disease to happen?
No → triggers response to automatically develop memory cells
How does adaptive or passive acquired immunity occur?
Through exposure to an Ag or through vaccination that provides immunization → leads to development of memory cells
The CDC annually published recommended immunization schedule with changes based on ____, _____, & ____ ______
experience, exposure, & new developments
Increase in _____ _____ facilitates the occurrence of disease
Population density
List 10 prior pandemics
Great plague of Athens, 430 BC
Leprosy
Black death (plague), 1350
The columbian exchange, 1492
Spanish flu, 1918
Zika virus, 1952
Ebola, 1976
HIV/AIDs, 1981
SARS, 2003
COVID, 2019
List some reasons to vaccinate
A rise in new/ existing infectious disease
Increase in Abx resistance
New disease processes
World travel
Failure to vaccinate can lead to
Increase risk of contracting disease
Resurgence of infectious diseases once eradicated
Factors contributing to emerging infectious diseases (6)
- Changes in human demos & behavior
- Technology advances & modification of industry practices
- Changes in land use pattern & economic developemnt
- Significant changes in the amount & speed of international travel
- Microbial evolution
- A disruption in public health capacity
Define vaccine hesitancy
AKA: “Anti-vaxxers”
-Delay in the acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability
vaccine hesitancy impacts the ability to achieve ____ ____
Herd immunity
Herd Immunity
AKA: Community immunity
Occurs when high % of population have:
-Had the disease & survived
-Vaccinated
Herd immunity decrease risk of
Contracting disease
How does Acquired immunity occur?
Occurs when person mounts an immune response to an Ag
List 2 ways acquired immunity can occur
Acquired thru an immunization (artificial) or surviving/ recovering from an infectious disease (active)
Acquired immunity is produced by what?
The host’s own immune sys to develop an immunologic response
Is acquired immunity long lasting or short lasting?
Long lasting
Acquired immunity develops what type of cells
Memory cells → they can lie dormant
Define passive immunity
Protection by an Ab or anti-toxin produced by an animal, human, or biotechnology that is transferred from one source to another
List 2 examples of passive immunity
- i.e. mother to baby
- getting bit by a rattlesnake & getting an anti-poison injection
Passive immunity is ____ working but wanes over time; is ____-____ protection
Fast working; short-term protection
Does passive immunity develop memory cells?
No
What does artificial passive immunity come from?
injected antibody
