Vaccines and Antigens

Question 1

Categorize the 6 basic types of vaccine

Answer 1

1. Attenuated whole-agent vaccines
2. Inactivated whole-agent vaccines
3. Toxoids
4. Subunit vaccines
5. Conjugated vaccines
6. Nucleic acid vaccines

Question 2

How does attenuated whole-agent vaccines work?

Answer 2

1. The long-term effectiveness probably occurs b/c the attenuated viruses replicated in the body, increasing the original does and acting as a series of secondary immunizations.

Question 3

What is an attenuated whole-agent vaccine? How long does the effectiveness last?

Answer 3

1. Living, but attenuated (weakened) microbes mimicking an actual infection
2. Lifelong immunity

Question 4

Give some examples of the attenuated vaccines

Answer 4

1. Sabin Polio

2. MMR

Question 5

Why is attenuated vaccines potentially dangerous?

Answer 5

The live microbes can backmutate to a virulent form

Question 6

What is an inactivated whole-agent vaccine?

Answer 6

1. Using microbes that have been killed, usually by formalin or phenol

Question 7

Give some examples of the inactivated vaccines

Answer 7

1. Rabies
2. Influenza
3. Salk polio
4. Tdap
5. Typhoid
6. Pneumococcal pneumonia and cholera

Question 8

What is a toxoid vaccine? How long does the effectiveness last?

Answer 8

1. Toxoids are inactivated toxins produced by a pathogen

2. Booster shot every 10 years

Question 9

Give some examples of toxoid vaccines

Answer 9

1. Tetanus

2. Diphtheria

Question 10

What is a subunit vaccine?

Answer 10

1. Use those antigenic fragments of a microorganism that best stimulate an immune response
2. Include: recombinant vaccines and acellular vaccines

Question 11

Give some examples of subunit vaccines

Answer 11

Hep B vaccines

Question 12

What is a conjugated vaccine?

Answer 12

Conjugated Vaccine combines the desired antigen w/ a protein that boosts the immune response