Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response

Question 1

Differentiate b/w innate and acquired immunity

Answer 1

a. Innate
- - An individual’s genetically predetermined resistance to certain diseases
b. Acquired
- - Specific resistance to infection developed during the life to the individual

Question 2

Active acquired immunity

Passive acquired immunity

Answer 2

a. Active: immunity acquired when a person is exposed to microbe or foreign sub. an the immune sys. responds
- - Lasts a long time

b. Passive: immunity acquired when antibodies are transferred from one person to another.
- Lasts only as long as the antibodies are present

Question 3

The skin and mucous mem. are the body's first line of defense against pathogens. This function results from both mechanical and chemical factors. 
List the Mechanical factors
1. Skin
2. Mucous
3. Lacrimal apparatus
4. Saliva
5. Urine and vaginal secretions

Answer 3

1. The structure of intact skin and the waterproof protein keratin provide resistance to microbial invasion
2. Mucus traps many microbe that enter the respiratory and GI tracts; in the lower respiratory tract, the ciliary escalator moves mucus up and out
3. The lacrimal apparatus protects the eyes from irritating substances and microorganisms
4. Saliva washes microbe from teeth and gums
5. The flow of urine moves microbe out of the urinary tract, and vaginal secretions move microbes out of the vagina