Mycobacteirum

Question 1

Mycobacteirum tuberculosis

Answer 1

1. Cause: tuberculosis

2. Virulence: cell wall resist digestion by phagocytes; can multiply inside phagocytes

Question 2

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 2

1. Cause: Leprosy
2. The only bacterium that grows in the PNS (it survives ingestion by macrophages and eventually invades cells of the PNS – causing nerve damage from a cell-mediated immune response)

Question 3

Leprosy:

1. Mode of Transmission
2. Etiology
3. Disease symptom
4. Preventive measures

Answer 3

1. I
2. Acid-fast rod closely related to the TB pathogen
3. Tuberculoid and Lepromatous forms
   a. Tuberculoid: depigmented area of skin surrounded by a border of nodules
   b. Lepromatous: deformed hands, lion-faced appearance, necrosis

Question 4

Formal name for Leprosy

Answer 4

Hansen’s disease

Question 5

Leprosy occurs in two main forms

What are they? Signs and symptoms

Answer 5

1. Tuberculoid (neural ) form: characterized by regions of the skin that have lost sensation and surrounded by a border of nodules
   a. Tuberculoid disease occurs in ppl w/ effective immune reactions
2. Lepromatous (progressive) form: skin cells are infected, and disfiguring nodules form all over the body.
   a. Patients w/ this type of leprosy have the least effective cell-mediated immune response, and the disease has progressed from the tuberculoid stage.
   b. Mucous membranes of the nose tend to become affected, and a lion-faced appearance is associated w/ this type of leprosy.
   c. Deformation of the hand into a clawed form and considerable necrosis of tissue can also occur.

Question 6

Drugs used for Leprosy

Answer 6

Dapsone (a sulfone drug)
Rifampin
Clofazimine
Usually used in combination