Vaccines Flashcards
Memory killer T cells
– Infected cell must present the antigen on a ____?
MHC 1
Attempting to stimulate the adaptive immune system to create ______?
MEMORY
memory B and helper T cells can be produced efficiently even when no immune system cells have been infected by the attacker.
T or F
True
Type of vaccine
Bonds sugars from the bacteria to portions of another germ
No infection (does not contain the entire germ)
Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine
Type of vaccine
Contains whole, living virus
Can give a person the infection (rare)
Live-virus vaccine
Type of vaccine-
Can not infect person
Whole germ, killed
Type of vaccine-
Genetically engineered
Does not contain any portion of the original germManufactured proteins match those of the germ
Recombinant vaccine
Based on organisms that can cause infection and replication
Not appropriate for pathogens capable of causing severe disease
Live Vaccines
Based on organisms that are living
Virulence and ability to replicate are diminished
Attenuated Vaccines
Dead organisms (treatment with physical or chemical agent)Should not be able to infect or replicate (~100% killed)
Killed Vaccines
Materials isolated from disrupted or lysed organisms (not whole)
Extract Vaccines
Non-infectious vaccines will cause the body to make?
memory B and helper T cells. (Not memory killer T cells)
Killed vaccine Examples (3)
– Common flu vaccine (killed virus)
– Typhoid vaccine (killed bacteria)
– Pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine (killed bacteria)
Bacterial toxins are weakened with what toxoid?
Aluminum
Live Attenuated Vaccines results in what type of cells?
– Memory B cells
– Memory helper T cells
– Memory killer T cells
What type of vaccine is known as the Trojan horse?
Carrier Vaccines
1) What vaccine contains mercury and aluminum?
2) what vaccine contains just mercury?
1) DTaP
2) some influenza (formaldehyde)
Which attaches to a Th1 antibody?
Alum
MF59
AS04
AS04 (Alum And MF59 are Th2)
Which interleukin results as a growth factor to proliferate T cells (releasing Th2 cytokines)– And is a growth factor for B cells that are making IgE?
IL-4
Which interleukin causes B cells to make IgA (antibacterial in the GI)?
IL-5
Which interleukin stimulates mucus in the intestine?
IL-13
What is the main stimulus for microglial activation?
IL-1β
Where does aluminum accumulate in the body?
Aluminum accumulates in mitochondria and nucleus of cells.
Can the placebo contain the adjuvant? Yes or no
Yes
How are microglia activated?
Can be activated in response to stimuli
Two events regulated by microglia:
- Pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release
2. Release of excitatory amino acids, particularly glutamate
