Exam 2 Flashcards
Which major histocompatibility complex protein is associated with activation of CTLs
MHC 1, killer T cells
In order for T helper and CTLs to function they must be activated.
T/F
True
Which major histocompatibility complex protein is associated with activation of helper T cells
MHC II
Antigen presenting cells function to activate primarily which of the following?
T helper cells
What is the function of CD3 in a T cell receptor?
Intracellular signaling
What is the function B7 on APC?
Co-stimulatory molecule
Non traditional T cells express αβ receptors. T/F
False
Traditional T cells express αβ receptors. T/F
True
What T cell co receptor is associated with T helper cells and functions to enhance attachment of the TCR to MHC?
CD4
What T cell co receptor is associated with T killer cells?
CD8
What T cell co receptor is associated with Co-stimulation?
CD28
What T cell co receptor is associated with Intracellular signaling?
CD 3
Immature T cells in the thymus express which T cell coreceptor?
CD 4, CD 8
What additional receptor on the T cell binds B7 (on APC) amplifying the signal making it easier toactivate the T cell?
CD 28
In the T cell membrane, what is associated with “lipid rafts”?
Large amounts of signaling molecules
Which cytokines are associated with Th1?
TNF, IFN ¥, IL-2
Which cytokines are associated with Th2?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
Which cytokines are associated with Th3?
IL-17, IL-21
Connecting a Fas ligand to a Fas protein on a target cell is associated with which of the following?
a. One way a CTL can kill
b. One way a CTL is activated
c. One way a Th0 cell differentiates into Th1 or Th2
d. One way a T helper cell is activated
a. One way a CTL can kill
Main examples of secondary lymphoid organs (3)
Spleen, lymph nodes, peyer’s patches
What are the (2) primary lymphoid organs?
Thymus and bone marrow.
Which of the following best describes a primary lymphoid follicle?a. Island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of T cells
b. Island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of B cells
c. Island of T cells in a sea of follicular dendritic cells
d. Island of B cells in a sea of follicular dendritic cells
b. Island of follicular dendritic cells in a sea of B cells
Follicular dendritic cells are analogous to antigen presenting dendritic cells that have traveled from the tissue to the lymph node. T/F
False
What is the major function of follicular dendritic cells?
Catch and display antigen to B cells
In a lymph node, what is associated with the germinal center?
Proliferating B cells
All secondary lymphoid organs have lymphoid follicles. T/F
True
How do lymphocytes easily leave the blood vascular system and enter the lymph node?
HEV’S- high endothelial venules
What area in a lymph node is the T cell area?
Paracortex
What area in a lymph node is the B cell area?
Cortex
What area in a lymph node is the dendritic cell area?
Marginal sinuses
Which of the following is not a major function of the spleen? a. Removal of old RBCs
b. Pool of monocytes
c. Filters all your blood every 30 minutes
d. Receives about ½ of total lymph flow
d. Receives about ½ of total lymph flow
What is the function of M cells in Peyer’s patches?
Enclose antigen is vesicles
What is the major function of regulator T cells (Treg)?
Inhibit the immune response
Which cytokines reduces (inhibits) proliferation of T cells?
IL-10
Which (3) cytokines increases (stimulates) proliferation of T cells?
IL-2, TNF, B7
What receptor produced by experienced (old) T cells when bound with B7 makes it harder forthese T cells to reactivate?
CTLA-4
What receptor produced by virgin T cells when bound with B7 makes it easier for T cells to activate?
CD28
The lifespan of most immune cells averages about a year. T/F
False (lifespan is days to weeks).
As an experienced T cell is reactivated over and over, what would they be expressing more ofon their cell surface making them more vulnerable to activation induced cell death (AICD).
Fas proteins
What is the positive test maturing T cells must pass in the thymus?
Must only recognize peptides presented on MHC’s (positive selection)
What thymic cells are associated with negative selection test of T cells?
Thymic dendritic cells
What thymic cells are associated with positive selection test?
Cortical epithelial cells
Most T cells pass both selection tests in the thymus and migrate to lymph nodes. T/F
False. Most fail and are deleted.
If aberrant T cell escapes deletion in the thymus, what is a common fate of that cell?
Activation induced cell death
Which immune cell memory is hard wired and therefore unchangeable from birth?
Innate
How does the innate immune system recognize pathogens?
Pattern recognition of pathogens
A long-lived plasma cell is considered a memory cell. T/F
True
How long can a memory effector T cell stay in the tissue?
At least 10 years
During a subsequent attack by the same pathogen central memory T cells generally proliferate at a faster rate compared to virgin T cells. T/F
True
During a subsequent attack, how do the symptoms compare to the initial attack?
Lesser than the initial attack.
What process can fine tune memory cell’s BCR increasing affinity to its cognant antigen?
Somatic hypermutation
Which antibodies can switch classes?
B cells
What is the T cell equivalent to a long-lived plasma cell?
It does not exist
What is the T cell equivalent to a long-lived plasma cell?
a. NK cell
b. Memory effector T cell
c. Central memory T cell
d. None of the above
None of the above.
What is the function of central memory B cells?
To replace long lived plasma cells that have died
Both memory B and T cells are easier to activate in subsequent attacks. T/F
True
