Final Exam Practice Flashcards
Which of the following is potentially the greatest source of aluminum exposure in humans?
a. antiperspirants
b. cigarettes
c. vaccines
d. antacids
antacids
Some influenza vaccines contain what heavy metal?
a. lead
b. mercury
c. cadium
d. iron
b. mercury
An ideal vaccine should prepare the immune system for battle by giving the system as close a look at the real thing as is possible without exposing the recipient to undue risks.
a. true b. false
true
In order to create memory helper T cells, which of the following must occur?
a. antigen coming to a secondary lymph organ via lymph or blood
b. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
c. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC II
d. infected cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
c. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC II
In order to create memory memory killer T cells, which of the following must occur?
a. antigen coming to a secondary lymph organ via lymph or blood
b. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
c. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC II
d. infected cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
d. infected cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
In order to create memory memory B cells, which of the following must occur?
a. antigen coming to a secondary lymph organ via lymph or blood
b. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
c. antigen presenting cell must present the antigen on a MHC II
d. infected cell must present the antigen on a MHC I
antigen coming to a secondary lymph organ via lymph or blood
Memory B cells can be produced efficiently even when no immune system cells have infected by the attacker.
T or F
True (false for killer T cells)
Which of the following best describes an attenuated vaccine?
a. live organisms whose virulence is weakened
b. whole organism has been chemically killed
c. DNA has been extracted from pathogen and used to make vaccine.
d. created organisms with certain genes removed
a. live organisms whose virulence is weakened
Which of the following best describes a killed vaccine?
a. live organisms whose virulence is weakened
b. whole organism has been chemically killed
c. DNA has been extracted from pathogen and used to make vaccine
d. created organisms with certain genes removed
b. whole organism has been chemically killed
Which of the following best describes an recombinant vaccine?
a. live organisms whose virulence is weakened
b. whole organism has been chemically killed
c. DNA has been extracted from pathogen and used to make vaccine
d. created organisms with certain genes removed
d. created organisms with certain genes removed
Non- infectious vaccines will typically cause the production of memory CTLs
a. true
b. false
false (it will make memory B and helper T cells)
Most childhood vaccines contain mercury in the form of thimerosol.
a. true
b. false
false (only some flu vaccines)
What is the function of an immunologic adjuvant?
a. acts as an antigen
b. increase the immune response
c. kills the organism being vaccinated against
d. attenuates the organism being vaccinated against
b. increase the immune response
In the brain, which of the following statements regarding aluminum is true.
a. breaks down the integrity of the blood brain barrier
b. functions as an important cofactor in microglia
c. can inhibit brain inflammation by increasing nicotinic binding
d. can increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines
d. can increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines
It can also increase glutamate
The majority of people in the world infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will in theirlifetime develop an active TB infection.
a. true
b. false
false (1/3 of world infected, only 5-10% with TB)
How does the TB organism potentially create problems for macrophages?
a. inhibits macrophages ability to synthesize and secrete TNF
b. causes macrophage to undergo apoptosis
c. macrophage is unable to phagocytize organism
d. prevents phagosome from fusing with lysosome
d. prevents phagosome from fusing with lysosome
What causes sepsis?
a. antibodies directed against self
b. overreaction to widespread inflammatory response
c. mast cells degranulating in response to allegen
d. pus
b. overreaction to widespread inflammatory response
What bias is associated with allergy and asthma?
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. Th17
d. Th0
Th2 (strong allergy response IgE)
What is associated with a weak allergy response? A. Th1 B. Th2 C. Cytokines D. Il-1
Th1 (IgG)
Self-reactive antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor prevents acetylcholine from binding producing muscle weakness describes which of the following?
a. lupus erythematosis
b. multiple sclerosis
c. myasthenia gravis
d. Guillain-Barre
c. myasthenia gravis
(lupus erythematosis - breakdown of B and T cell tolerance)
(Multiple sclerosis- T cells attack myelin in CNS)
(Guillian Barre syndrome - immune system attacks myelin in PNS)
With transverse myelitis, the immune system attacks?
The spinal cord
Autoimmune diseases frequently follow bacterial or viral infections. a. true
b. false
a. true
Many experts feel that the rise in autoimmune diseases over the last 30 years may be due towhich of the following?
a. increase in stress
b. pollutants in environment
c. ionizing radiation
d. poor nutrition
b. pollutants in environment
What percentage of the worlds populations has an autoimmune disease?
5-7 and a half percent
In utero, the fetus typically has what Th bias?
a. Th0
b. Th1
c. Th2
d. Th17
Th2
What antibody is associated with allergies?
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM
IgE
In TB macrophages typically die via apoptosis.
a. true
b. false
false (death by necrosis)
What hypersensitivity is associated with T cells?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. type IV
d. type IV
What hypersensitivity is associated with allergies?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. type IV
a. type I
All forms of hypersensitivity require which of the following?
a. prior exposure to the antigen
b. Th2 bias
c. CTL memory
d. IgE
prior exposure to the antigen
Poison ivy is associated with what type of hypersensitivity?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. type IV
d. type IV
What is thought to allow the HIV-1 virus to evade the immune system and may also be the reason preventing the development of an effective vaccine against the virus?
a. high virulence
b. high mutation rate
c. attacks CTLs
d. disables the innate immune system
b. high mutation rate
What % of all human cancers are linked to viral infections
a. less than 5%
b. 15-20%
c. 30-40%
d. 65-75%
e. 100%
b. 15-20%
Our immune system evolved to deal with cancer along with infectious agents.
a. true
b. false
b. false
Which immune cells are most likely effective against certain types of cancer?
a. CTLs
b. NK cells
c. neutrophils
d. dendritic cells
b. NK cells (no need for prior infection)
What is found on the surface of many cancer cells that impairs the immune system’s ability todestroy the aberrant cell?
a. CD4
b. B7
c. PD-L1
d. MPDL320A
PD-L1
What is MPDL320A used for?
Antibody that is engineered for immunotherapy
Macrophages may provide surveillance against some cancers.
a. true
b. false
true
