Vaccines

Question 1

A suspension of antigens that is administered to induce immunity

Answer 1

vaccination

Question 2

What are the majority of vaccines derived from?

Answer 2

Microbial pathways for controlling infectious disease

Question 3

Things vaccines may contain:

Answer 3

Preservatives and stabilizers (preserve Ag)

Specific antibiotics (inhibit bacterial and fungal growth)

Adjuvants (enhance immune response to Ag)

Question 4

Things adjuvants do

Answer 4

Delay release of Ag from injection site

Induce secretion of chemokines by leukocytes

Question 5

Examples of adjuvants

Answer 5

Aluminum hydroxide

Saponin

Question 6

Features of an ideal vaccine

Answer 6

Inexpensive
Consistent
Stable
Proper immune response
Range of immunological epitopes
Long-lived immunity
Immunological memory
No adverse effects

Question 7

Types of infectious vaccines

Answer 7

Live Attenuated
Recombinant Organism
Marker

Question 8

What type of infectious disease is intact/viable and causes a low-level infection with no clinical signs of disease?

Answer 8

Live Attenuated

Question 9

Pros of Live Attenuated vaccine

Answer 9

Rapid onset immunity

Sustained immunity after one dose

Question 10

Cons of Live Attenuated vaccine

Answer 10

Potential for reversion to virulence
Virulent in immunocompromised
Less stable in storage

Question 11

Features of Recombinant Organism vaccine

Answer 11

Carrier organisms don’t cause disease in vaccinated animals

Adjuvant not required

No reversion to virulence

Question 12

How do Marker Vaccines work?

Answer 12

Permits discretion between a vaccinal vs an exposure immune response.

(DIVA) Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals

Question 13

Example of a Marker Vaccine

Answer 13

Infections Bovine Rhinotracheitis vaccine with deletion of surface glycoprotein E (GPE) gene

Question 14

What type of vaccines are antigenically intact and unable to reproduce, induce pathology, or induce clinical disease?

Answer 14

Non Infectious Vaccines

Question 15

Methods of killing pathogens for non infectious vaccines

Answer 15

Formalin
Alcohol
Alkylating agents

Question 16

Subunit and Naked DNA are types of

Answer 16

Non Infectious Vaccines

Question 17

What type of non infectious vaccine contains immunological structural proteins or metabolites of an organism?

Answer 17

Subunit vaccines

*purified proteins, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins

Question 18

How does a Naked DNA vaccine work?

Answer 18

Specific gene from a pathogen is cloned to a plasmid, which is delivered to the animal. Pathogen gene is processed in APC for antigen presentation.

Question 19

Features of Passive Immunization

Answer 19

Antibodies are administered
Immediate protection
Temporary protection (boosters)
Sensitize recipient
Inhibit Ab response

Question 20

Examples of passive immunization

Answer 20

Tetanus

Anti-venom

Question 21

Features of Active Immunization

Answer 21

Antigen is administered

Induces an immune response in the recipient

Humoral/Cell mediated response

Immunological memory

Question 22

Which type of immunization provides strong protective immunity by inducing a very mild version of the disease in the recipient?

Answer 22

Active immunization

Question 23

How does the size of dog correlate with Rabies vaccine response?

Answer 23

Smaller dogs have a greater response to the vaccine than larger dogs do.

Question 24

Vaccination adverse effect

Answer 24

Type I Hypersensitivity: Facial or periorbital edema. pruritus

FISS: Feline Injection Site Sarcoma. Difficult to remove surgically. Poor prognosis.