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RUSVM PID > Intro to Parasitology > Flashcards

Intro to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of parasite is Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Helminth (nematode) - Hookworm

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2
Q

Pathogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm)

A

Attaches to and ingests mucosal lining of intestines.

Ingests blood.

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3
Q

Signs of Ancylostoma caninum infection

A

Anemia, lethargy, weight loss, weakness

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4
Q

What is Isospora suis?

A

Coccidium (protozoan)

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5
Q

What kind of parasite is Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Helminth (nematode) - Heartworm

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6
Q

What are the 3 main classes of parasite that can cause disease in humans? (zoonoses)

A

Helminths
Ectoparasites
Protozoa

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7
Q

Clinically relevant zoonoses (4)

A

Toxocara canis - roundworm (visceral or ocular)

Ancylostoma braziliense - hookworm (cutaneous)

Toxoplasma gondii - protozoan

Taenis solium - pork tapeworm (cestode) (adult tapeworms in small intestine; larva can travel to brain and create cysts)

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8
Q

Method of diagnosing parasites (SIS)

A

host Species
site of Infection
Size of parasite

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9
Q

Parasites relevant to production (food animals)

A

Ostertagia ostertagi - parasitic nematode in cattle. Causes ostertagiosis.

Eimeria tenella - hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry

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10
Q

Treatment and prevention of parasite

A

Parasiticides
Sustainable management of host
Management of environment
Life cycle to determine treatment and prevention

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11
Q

What is the largest group of clinically relevant helminths?

A

Roundworms

Phylum: nemathelminthes
Class: nematoda

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12
Q

Classification of flatworms

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: cestoda (tapeworms)
Class: trematoda (flukes)

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13
Q

Characteristics of Nematodes

A 
Free-living OR parasitic
Elongate/cylindrical
Alimentary canal present
Usually separate sexes
Life cycle direct or indirect
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14
Q

In the adult ascarid, which sex is larger in size?

A

Female

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15
Q

Characteristics of Cestodes

A

Flat body
No alimentary canal (absorb through body s.a.)
Indirect life cycle
Characteristic larval stages

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16
Q

What are the segments of the tapeworm’s body?

A

Proglottids - hermaphroditic!

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17
Q

What is the tapeworm’s body called?

A

Strobila

18
Q

What is a scolex?

A

Hold fast organ of tapeworm. Mouth and head piece.

19
Q

Characteristics of trematodes

A 
Dorso-ventrally flattened
Oral and ventral suckers
Alimentary canal present
Indirect life cycle - molluscan IH
Usually genitally independent
20
Q

Leaf-like parasite

A

Flukes (trematodes)

21
Q

2 types of relevant parasitic arthropods

A

Insects

Arachnids

22
Q

Clinically relevant insect groups (4)

A

Flies (Diptera)
Fleas (Siphonaptera)
Lice (Phthiraptera)
Hemiptera

23
Q

Clinically relevant arachnids

A

Ticks

Mites

24
Q

Identification of an insect (physical features)

A

3 pairs of legs (adults)

Head, thorax, and abdomen

Antennae

25
Q

Stomoxys calcitrans

A

Stable fly. Has piercing mouthparts.

26
Q

What does the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, transmit?

A

Nematodes

27
Q

What kind of mouthparts does the house fly have?

A

Labellum (sucking). Differs from stable fly (piercing).

28
Q

Complications of flea (Siphonaptera) infestation

A

Anemia
Blood borne disease
tapeworm infection
flea allergy dermatitis

29
Q

Lice (Phthiraptera) classification by mouthparts

A

Sucking (narrow mouth) - Linognathus setosus (dog sucking louse)

Chewing (large, robust mandible)- Trichodectes canis (dog chewing louse)

30
Q

Identification of ticks and mites

A

4 pairs of legs (nymphs and adults)
*larvae have 3 pairs of legs

Cepahlo-thorax and abdomen

Palps. No antennae

31
Q

What feature of the tick allows for expansion of the abdomen after a meal, and can also be used to identify a species?

A

Scutum

32
Q

Clinically relevant mites

A

Sarcoptes scabiei - sarcoptic mange
Cheyletiella blakei - walking dandruff
Demodex canis - demodectic mange

33
Q

What do Demodex species typically look like?

A

Cigar-like with short legs

34
Q

Characteristics of protozoa

A

Unicellular, eukaryotic animals (true nucleus)

Classified based on locomotion

35
Q

Methods of protozoa locomotion (4)

A

Pseudopodia
Flagella
Gliding movements
Cillia

36
Q

Clinically relevant protozoa

A

Giardia
Coccidia
Babesia

37
Q

Identification of Giardia trophozoites

A 
Bilaterally symmetrical
2 nuclei
8 flagella
2 rod-like, median bodies
concave, adhesive disk gives clown face
38
Q

I. canis and I. ohioensis are types of

A

Coccidia

39
Q

Babesia canis

A

Found within erythrocytes, can cause anemia.
Usually found in pairs.
Transmission is via brown dog tick.

40
Q

Questions clients will ask when their pet is diagnosed with a parasite:

A 
What is it?
How can you tell Gizmo has it?
Where did it come from?
What harm does it cause?
Can you get rid of it?
Will it infect people?

RUSVM PID (8 decks)

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