Mechanisms of Defense

Question 1

Definition of immunity (3 parts)

Answer 1

State of being immune or insusceptible to a particular disease

Condition that permits either natural or acquired resistance to disease

Ability of a cell to react immunologically in the presence of an antigen

Question 2

What are the 3 features of the defense mechanism (complex interacting networks)?

Answer 2

Physical barriers
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity

Question 3

Two types of adaptive (specific) immunity

Answer 3

Antibody mediated

Cell mediated

Question 4

Which of the types of adaptive immunity is directed against bacterial invaders?

Answer 4

Antibody mediated. Antibodies are proteins in the bloodstream that bind to bacteria and mark them for destruction.

Question 5

What type of adaptive immunity is directed against viral invaders?

Answer 5

Cell mediated. Employs the cells that destroy abnormal cells, such as those infected by viruses, and is important in destruction of cancer cells.

Question 6

What feature of adaptive immunity ensures health and survival in the face of continuing microbial challenge?

Answer 6

Ability to remember prior exposure and respond faster and more efficiently on subsequent exposures.

Question 7

Examples of physical barriers

Answer 7

Skin
Self-cleaning
Normal flora

Question 8

Examples of innate (non-specific) immunity

Answer 8

Inflammation
Defensins
Lysozyme

Question 9

What is the most effective portion of the defense mechanism?

Answer 9

Adaptive immunity (cell mediated and antibody mediated)

Question 10

What type of immune response is not dependent on an antigen, acts rapidly, and usually doesn’t leave any memory?

Answer 10

Innate (non-specific) immunity

Question 11

What type of immune response is antigen-specific, is delayed in action, and leaves memory?

Answer 11

Adaptive (specific) immunity

Question 12

2 divisions of innate immune system

Answer 12

Cells that eat and kill invaders

Molecules that bind and kill invaders

Question 13

Examples of innate immune cells that detect, eat, and kill invaders

Answer 13

Phagocytes

Natural killer cells

Question 14

Roles of molecular portion of innate immune system

Answer 14

Bind and kill invaders
Coat invaders
Block microbial growth
Prevent microbial spread
Mobilize body defenses

Question 15

Where would the pathogen be located if cells are able to produce antibodies?

Answer 15

Outside the cell (extracellular)

Question 16

Where is the pathogen located when cell mediated immunity comes into play?

Answer 16

Inside the cell. (Intracellular)

employs cells that destroy infected cells

Question 17

Where does hematopoiesis (production of immune cells) take place?

Answer 17

In bone marrow

Question 18

Hematopoiesis includes production of…

Answer 18

Immune cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

Question 19

Components of the blood (layers)

Answer 19

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Buffy coat

Question 20

Plasma layer includes

Answer 20

Water
Proteins
Electrolytes, nutrients, waste

Question 21

Buffy Coat layer includes

Answer 21

Platelets
Leukocytes
Neutrophils (60-70%)
Lymphocytes (20-25%)
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 22

3 major lineages of Hematopoiesis

Answer 22

Erythroid
Myeloid
Lymphoid

Question 23

What lineage of hematopoiesis produces erythrocytes and platelets?

Answer 23

Erythroid

Question 24

What lineage of hematopoiesis produces lymphocytes (T and B cells) and Natural Killer cells?

Answer 24

Lymphoid

Question 25

What cells does the myeloid lineage of hematopoiesis produce?

Answer 25

Granulocytes
Mast cells
Monocytes
Macrophages
Myeloid dendritic cells

Question 26

Adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes mainly found where?

Answer 26

Lymphoid organs

Question 27

Characteristics of lymphocytes

Answer 27

Can specifically recognize and distinguish different antigens

Adaptive immune response, specificity, and memory

Morphologically indistinguishable despite different functions and protein products

Question 28

What are the bursa or bone marrow derived lymphocytes?

Answer 28

B Lymphocytes

Question 29

Which lymphocytes mature in the Thymus?

Answer 29

T Lymphocytes.

*Helper T, cytotoxic

Question 30

What happens to lymphocytes that have receptors for self antigens?

Answer 30

Killed before they can leave primary lymphoid organs.

*If not, cause autoimmune disorders (Lupus)