Mechanisms of Defense Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of immunity (3 parts)

A

State of being immune or insusceptible to a particular disease

Condition that permits either natural or acquired resistance to disease

Ability of a cell to react immunologically in the presence of an antigen

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2
Q

What are the 3 features of the defense mechanism (complex interacting networks)?

A

Physical barriers
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

Two types of adaptive (specific) immunity

A

Antibody mediated

Cell mediated

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4
Q

Which of the types of adaptive immunity is directed against bacterial invaders?

A

Antibody mediated. Antibodies are proteins in the bloodstream that bind to bacteria and mark them for destruction.

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5
Q

What type of adaptive immunity is directed against viral invaders?

A

Cell mediated. Employs the cells that destroy abnormal cells, such as those infected by viruses, and is important in destruction of cancer cells.

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6
Q

What feature of adaptive immunity ensures health and survival in the face of continuing microbial challenge?

A

Ability to remember prior exposure and respond faster and more efficiently on subsequent exposures.

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7
Q

Examples of physical barriers

A

Skin
Self-cleaning
Normal flora

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8
Q

Examples of innate (non-specific) immunity

A

Inflammation
Defensins
Lysozyme

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9
Q

What is the most effective portion of the defense mechanism?

A

Adaptive immunity (cell mediated and antibody mediated)

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10
Q

What type of immune response is not dependent on an antigen, acts rapidly, and usually doesn’t leave any memory?

A

Innate (non-specific) immunity

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11
Q

What type of immune response is antigen-specific, is delayed in action, and leaves memory?

A

Adaptive (specific) immunity

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12
Q

2 divisions of innate immune system

A

Cells that eat and kill invaders

Molecules that bind and kill invaders

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13
Q

Examples of innate immune cells that detect, eat, and kill invaders

A

Phagocytes

Natural killer cells

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14
Q

Roles of molecular portion of innate immune system

A
Bind and kill invaders
Coat invaders
Block microbial growth
Prevent microbial spread
Mobilize body defenses
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15
Q

Where would the pathogen be located if cells are able to produce antibodies?

A

Outside the cell (extracellular)

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16
Q

Where is the pathogen located when cell mediated immunity comes into play?

A

Inside the cell. (Intracellular)

employs cells that destroy infected cells

17
Q

Where does hematopoiesis (production of immune cells) take place?

A

In bone marrow

18
Q

Hematopoiesis includes production of…

A

Immune cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

19
Q

Components of the blood (layers)

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Buffy coat

20
Q

Plasma layer includes

A

Water
Proteins
Electrolytes, nutrients, waste

21
Q

Buffy Coat layer includes

A
Platelets
Leukocytes
Neutrophils (60-70%)
Lymphocytes (20-25%)
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
22
Q

3 major lineages of Hematopoiesis

A

Erythroid
Myeloid
Lymphoid

23
Q

What lineage of hematopoiesis produces erythrocytes and platelets?

24
Q

What lineage of hematopoiesis produces lymphocytes (T and B cells) and Natural Killer cells?

25
What cells does the myeloid lineage of hematopoiesis produce?
``` Granulocytes Mast cells Monocytes Macrophages Myeloid dendritic cells ```
26
Adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes mainly found where?
Lymphoid organs
27
Characteristics of lymphocytes
Can specifically recognize and distinguish different antigens Adaptive immune response, specificity, and memory Morphologically indistinguishable despite different functions and protein products
28
What are the bursa or bone marrow derived lymphocytes?
B Lymphocytes
29
Which lymphocytes mature in the Thymus?
T Lymphocytes. *Helper T, cytotoxic
30
What happens to lymphocytes that have receptors for self antigens?
Killed before they can leave primary lymphoid organs. *If not, cause autoimmune disorders (Lupus)