Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Definition of antigen

Answer 1

Substance that binds to a lymphocyte receptor. Foreign substance.

(antibody generator) (Ag)

*May or may not initiate an immune response

Question 2

What is an antigenic molecule?

Answer 2

Has the ability to be bound by a specific antibody (Ab)

Question 3

Substance that induces an immune response when injected into an individual

Answer 3

Immunogen

Question 4

Antigenicity factors (8) (what makes it good)

Answer 4

Host genetics
Chemical stability
Dose
Foreignness (protein, lipid, CHO, n.a.)
Complexity
Adjuvant: enhances immune response to antigen
Route of administration

Question 5

Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

Answer 5

Immune cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing/presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphoctyes

Question 6

Examples of common APCs

Answer 6

Macrophages
Lymphocytes (B cells)
Dendritic Cells

Question 7

MHC I

Answer 7

Major Histocompatibility Complex Type I

Presents intracellular antigens on its surface for recognition by T cells

Question 8

MHC II

Answer 8

Major Histocompatibility Complex Type II

Presents extracellular antigens on its surface for recognition by B cells

Question 9

How are intracellular antigens processed?

Answer 9

Cellular Immune Response
T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T cells
MHC I

Question 10

How are extracellular antigens processed?

Answer 10

Humoral Immune Response
B lymphocytes
Antibodies
MCH II

Question 11

What cells provide the cellular immune response?

Answer 11

T cells

Question 12

What do T cells provide immunity to?

Answer 12

Intracellular bacteria
Intracellular viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Tumors

Question 13

2 ways T cells mediate cellular immune response

Answer 13

Infected cells are killed

Infected cells are activated and destroy the intracellular organism

Question 14

Why is the immune response to a second skin graft faster and more severe than in the first graft?

Answer 14

Adaptive immunity and formation of memory cells allows the body to recognize the foreign material faster and initiate an appropriate response.

Question 15

Difference between serum and plasma

Answer 15

Plasma is obtained when the blood is not allowed to clot first. Contains blood-clotting proteins.

SERUM is collected after blood clotting. No clotting proteins. Has ANTIBODIES, electrolytes, hormones.

Question 16

Examples of Passive Humoral Immunity

Answer 16

Artificial: Immunoglobulins

Natural: Transplacental, Colostrum, Egg

Question 17

Examples of Active Humoral Immunity

Answer 17

Artificial: Vaccination

Natural: Diseases

Question 18

What happens when the serum of a horse immunized against tetanus is injected into a non-immunized horse?

Answer 18

The non-immunized horse is now protected against tetanus.

Question 19

In which type of Humoral Immunity does the animal NOT produce its own antibodies?

Answer 19

Passive

Question 20

In which type of Humoral Immunity does the animal produce its own antibodies?

Answer 20

Active

Question 21

5 types of antibodies, in order of descending concentration in serum

Answer 21

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

Question 22

Which antibody is secretory and is found in higher concentrations in saliva, milk, and GI fluids?

Answer 22

IgA

Question 23

What class of proteins are the antibodies?

Answer 23

Immunoglobulins

Question 24

What part of the antibody binds to the specific antigen?

Answer 24

FAB - fragment antigen binding

Question 25

What feature of the antibody allows it to move to better interact with the antigen?

Answer 25

Hinge

Question 26

In secondary humoral immune response, which type of antibody is produced in much higher numbers?

Answer 26

IgG | better and longer term immunity than IgM

Question 27

With each vaccination booster, what happens to the numbers of antibodies and memory cells?

Answer 27

Each booster promotes formation of many more antibodies and memory cells than the previous, and with better acuity.

Question 28

Which antibody is secreted, and located in the respiratory and gut mucosa?

Answer 28

IgA

Question 29

Which antibody is present in the skin and mucous lining?

Answer 29

IgE

Question 30

Which antibody is present in the blood?

Answer 30

IgM and IgG

Question 31

Which antibody is systemic and found all over the body?

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

How do vaccines work?

Answer 32

Ag is administered to an animal to induce immune response Will protect against subsequent exposure to the same Ag *animal may become infected (not 100% immunity)