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RUSVM PID > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of antigen

A

Substance that binds to a lymphocyte receptor. Foreign substance.

(antibody generator) (Ag)

*May or may not initiate an immune response

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2
Q

What is an antigenic molecule?

A

Has the ability to be bound by a specific antibody (Ab)

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3
Q

Substance that induces an immune response when injected into an individual

A

Immunogen

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4
Q

Antigenicity factors (8) (what makes it good)

A 
Host genetics
Chemical stability
Dose
Foreignness (protein, lipid, CHO, n.a.)
Complexity
Adjuvant: enhances immune response to antigen
Route of administration
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5
Q

Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

A

Immune cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing/presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphoctyes

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6
Q

Examples of common APCs

A

Macrophages
Lymphocytes (B cells)
Dendritic Cells

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7
Q

MHC I

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex Type I

Presents intracellular antigens on its surface for recognition by T cells

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8
Q

MHC II

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex Type II

Presents extracellular antigens on its surface for recognition by B cells

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9
Q

How are intracellular antigens processed?

A

Cellular Immune Response
T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T cells
MHC I

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10
Q

How are extracellular antigens processed?

A

Humoral Immune Response
B lymphocytes
Antibodies
MCH II

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11
Q

What cells provide the cellular immune response?

A

T cells

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12
Q

What do T cells provide immunity to?

A 
Intracellular bacteria
Intracellular viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Tumors
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13
Q

2 ways T cells mediate cellular immune response

A

Infected cells are killed

Infected cells are activated and destroy the intracellular organism

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14
Q

Why is the immune response to a second skin graft faster and more severe than in the first graft?

A

Adaptive immunity and formation of memory cells allows the body to recognize the foreign material faster and initiate an appropriate response.

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15
Q

Difference between serum and plasma

A

Plasma is obtained when the blood is not allowed to clot first. Contains blood-clotting proteins.

SERUM is collected after blood clotting. No clotting proteins. Has ANTIBODIES, electrolytes, hormones.

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16
Q

Examples of Passive Humoral Immunity

A

Artificial: Immunoglobulins

Natural: Transplacental, Colostrum, Egg

17
Q

Examples of Active Humoral Immunity

A

Artificial: Vaccination

Natural: Diseases

18
Q

What happens when the serum of a horse immunized against tetanus is injected into a non-immunized horse?

A

The non-immunized horse is now protected against tetanus.

19
Q

In which type of Humoral Immunity does the animal NOT produce its own antibodies?

A

Passive

20
Q

In which type of Humoral Immunity does the animal produce its own antibodies?

A

Active

21
Q

5 types of antibodies, in order of descending concentration in serum

A 
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
22
Q

Which antibody is secretory and is found in higher concentrations in saliva, milk, and GI fluids?

A

IgA

23
Q

What class of proteins are the antibodies?

A

Immunoglobulins

24
Q

What part of the antibody binds to the specific antigen?

A

FAB - fragment antigen binding

25
Q

What feature of the antibody allows it to move to better interact with the antigen?

A

Hinge

26
Q

In secondary humoral immune response, which type of antibody is produced in much higher numbers?

A

IgG

better and longer term immunity than IgM

27
Q

With each vaccination booster, what happens to the numbers of antibodies and memory cells?

A

Each booster promotes formation of many more antibodies and memory cells than the previous, and with better acuity.

28
Q

Which antibody is secreted, and located in the respiratory and gut mucosa?

A

IgA

29
Q

Which antibody is present in the skin and mucous lining?

A

IgE

30
Q

Which antibody is present in the blood?

A

IgM and IgG

31
Q

Which antibody is systemic and found all over the body?

A

IgG

32
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

Ag is administered to an animal to induce immune response

Will protect against subsequent exposure to the same Ag

*animal may become infected (not 100% immunity)

RUSVM PID (8 decks)

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