vaccines Flashcards
risk factors for cats
- Access to the outdoors
- Multi-cat households
- Indirect or direct exposure
- Age/Health of household members
- Immunosuppressive diseases
what diseases are covered in the feline 3 way vaccine?
Distemper (panleukopenia), Rhinotracheitis, Calici
what diseases are covered in the feline 4 way vaccine?
Distemper (panleukopenia), Rhinotracheitis, Calici + Chlamydia
what diseases are covered in the feline 5 way vaccine
Distemper (panleukopenia), Rhinotracheitis, Calici + Chlamydia + FeLV
what diseases are not included in the 5 way feline vaccine?
rabies, FIV, FIP
what is another name for Feline Panleukopenia
Distemper
what virus is associated with Feline Panleukopenia
parvovirus
what kills Feline Panleukopenia
Bleach, special disinfectants required to kill (virucidals)
what cats are most susceptible to Feline Panleukopenia
Kittens 3-5 months of age and unvaccinated cats
how is Feline Panleukopenia spread?
Direct:
○ Shed in all body secretions - urine, feces, ocular, nasal
○ Shed up to 6 weeks in urine and feces
Indirect:
○ Fomites (clothing, cages, dishes, etc)
○ Vectors (flies most likely)
○ Transplacental infection
Kittens infected through queen during pregnancy - causes permanent neurological problems or blindness
what are the clinical signs of feline panleukopenia
○ Develop in young unvaccinated cats
○ Fever 40-41.6℃
○ Depression, anorexia, vomiting +/- diarrhea
○ Ataxia
○ Can progress to coma, hypothermia and death
treatment for feline panleukopenia
○ Supportive
○ Fluids
○ Antiemetics
○ Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection
○ Soft, smelly food
what are the 3 components of feline upper respiratory disease
● Feline herpesvirus (rhinotracheitis)
● Feline calicivirus
● Chlamydia
what percentage of feline upper respiratory disease cases are caused by herpesvirus & calicivirus
90
what is Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis called
Feline Herpesvirus
what are the symptoms of Feline Herpesvirus
● Attacks mucosa of upper airways and conjunctiva
● Causes necrosis of nasal turbinates
● Asymptomatic carriers: spread infection with no signs of disease
○ Often show c/s when stressed
● Easy to kill - inactivated in 24 hours
● Kittens most susceptible; can be infected by queen
what are the clinical signs of feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
○ Sneezing
○ Ocular discharge
○ Fever
○ Anorexia
○ Depression
what are the symptoms of Feline Calicivirus
Causes ulceration of tongue and palate
● Minimal effects on conjunctiva and upper airway
● Can cause viral pneumonia
● Carriers exist
● Painful and affected cats will not eat
what are the clinical signs of Feline Calicivirus
○ Moderate - mild nasal and ocular discharge
○ Oral Ulcers
○ Pneumonia
○ Joint Pain
○ Carriers will shed virus for years!
what are the symptoms of chlamydia
● Fragile bacteria
● Conjunctivitis
● Mild rhinitis
● Mucopurulent discharge
● ZOONOTIC: Bacteria may cause conjunctivitis in humans
how is feline upper respiratory disease complex spread
aerosols, direct contact, fomites
is there a cure for feline upper respiratory disease complex
no, only supportive care
how is FeLV spread
● Shed in all secretions
○ Urine, feces, nasal/ ocular discharge
● Spread transplacentally
● Spread through mutual grooming, sharing food bowls and litter boxes.
● Usually prolonged or repeated contact necessary
what are the 3 scenarios for FeLV infection
● Adequate immune system (Abortive Infections)
○ Virus is cleared
○ No c/s develop
○ Immunity develops
● Chronic infection (Progressive Infections)
○ Cat remains viremic (virus in blood)
○ Sheds virus
○ Often will develop c/s
● Latent Carrier State (Regressive Infections)
○ Virus remains in bone marrow
○ Reactivated with stress