Anti-inflammatories and Antihistamines Flashcards
what is Inflammation
response to injury
what do Damaged cells release as inflammatory mediators
- Prostaglandins
- Leukotrienes (mast cells + basophils)
- Histamine
- Cytokines
what do Inflammatory mediators signal body to do
◦Destroy and remove deleterious agents
◦Sequester injury to a localized area
◦Repair damaged area
Cardinal signs of Inflammation
- Heat
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
why fever is a response to inflammation
increases the rate of biochemical reactions
why redness is a response to inflammation
- Blood flow dilutes offending agent with plasma
- Blood flow brings fibrin to immobilize offending
agent - Blood flow brings phagocytic cells to clean up antigens and damaged cells
why swelling is a response to inflammation
- Inflammatory mediators increase permeability of
blood vessels at site of damage area - Allows leukocytes and antibodies to reach damaged cells
why pain is a response to inflammation
◦ Protective mechanism
◦ Inflammatory mediators stimulate sensitization of
nerve endings
◦ Edema can also put pressure on nerve endings
what are the 3 types of steroids made in the adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Adrenal sex hormones
characteristics of glucocorticoids
CHO, protein and lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects
characteristics of mineralcorticoids
Water and electrolyte balance
short acting glucocorticoids
Hydrocortisone
Cortisol
medium acting glucocorticoids
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Isoflupredone
triamcinolone
long acting glucocorticoids
Flumethasone
Betamethasone
dexamethasone
where do Glucocorticoids block inflammatory response
early in
the sequence, blocks formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxanes and leukotrienes
where do NSAIDS block inflammatory response
block
only the formation of prostaglandins and
thromboxanes
what metabolic actions do glucocorticoids do
Stimulates gluconeogenesis (contraindicated in
diabetics)
● Increases glucose utilization by the cells
● Protein catabolism – AA from muscle to liver
● Lipid catabolism
what anti- inflammatory effects do glucocorticoids have
Promotes vasoconstriction, thereby decreasing blood
flow to site and thus decreasing redness and heat
● Decreases capillary permeability, results in decrease loss
of plasma into inflamed region
● Stabilizes cell membranes, so they do not release
inflammatory mediators
● Decreases histamine and interleukin synthesis
● Glucocorticoids blocks arachidonic acid production which
results in blocking the formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxanes and leukotrienes
