Vaccines

Question 1

Active immunization

Answer 1

uses an antigen to create memory. This can be from the disease it self or the vaccine

Question 2

Passive immunization

Answer 2

Introduction of Aby from another individual (mother to child or short term treatment (no memory))
transfer of cells (graft vs host

Question 3

Inactivated Vacc

Answer 3

uses chemicals, heat or radiation to kill organism
Pros: safe, no intact cells
Cons: high doses that need multiple doses, low immune response

Question 4

Live attenuated virus

Answer 4

Pathogenic strain is placed in monkey cells and allowed to adapt, then in humans it can’t grow well

Question 5

mRNA Vacc

Answer 5

modified viral mRNA to induce protein synthesis and trigger immune response from dendritic cells on MHC 1 and 2

Question 6

non-pathogenic mutant vacc

Answer 6

Take virulence genes and cut out pathogenic part, leaving binding site intact for response

Question 7

related non-pathogenic species

Question 8

recombinant live vaccine

Question 9

Live accines

Answer 9

pros: specific and relevant, small dose with long memory
Cons: pathogenic form, can’t give if immunocomp.

Question 10

mRNA adv/con

Answer 10

pros:no chemicals or cell cultures for production, fast, mRNA can’t infect
Cons:instability, in vivo delivery is questionable

Question 11

Toxoid vacc

Answer 11

endotoxin deactivated by formaldehyde to maintain antigenicity, but needs co admin with adjuvant to make it potent enough for immune response

Question 12

Therapeutic Vacc

Answer 12

activate immune system to attack, cancer, chronic infection, autoimmune issues, bacteria

Question 13

adjuvants

Answer 13

insoluble agents that enhance antigenicity of co admined Ag
-FCA
-Aluminum
-Muramyl dipeptide
-Corynebacterium parvae

Question 14

friends complete adjuvant (FCA)

Answer 14

adjuvant of dead mycobacteria in oil (depot) that is too strong for macrophage activation only used experiementally

Question 15

aluminium compounds

Answer 15

main insoluble adjuvant used, also aids in Ag slow release, can cause pain at inj site

Question 16

other administration methods

Answer 16

-lipid micelle
-lipid/polymer mRNA
-Transgenic plants (in food)

Question 17

ISCOMS

Answer 17

immune stimulatory compounds

Question 18

bacterial vacc process

Answer 18

1.Growth
2.heat/chem/radiation
3.centrifuge
4.suspend in saline
5.dialys for purification

Question 19

Viral vacc process

Answer 19

1.grown in egg, or cell cultures
2.seperation from host cell
3.purification to prevent allergic reactions to growth medium (embryonic egg)

Question 20

Iatrogenic disease

Answer 20

when an vacc causes the condition, usually just fever, malaise but can be mutation back to pathogen form

Question 21

Polio vaccine

Answer 21

had live attenuated and inactivated vacc. once herd immunity formed the vacc could cause more polio therefore switch to 1st dose of inactive to build some immunity then second dose of live attenuated

Question 22

DTap

Answer 22

contains three vaccines and is acellular (only some parts)