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Pharm 310 Immunology > Antibody structure and intro > Flashcards

Antibody structure and intro Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of immune system

A

Cells and humeral factors dedicated to defend the body against infection

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2
Q

Order of pathogens

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites

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3
Q

Physical barriers (innate)

A

Skin (keratinized cells)
Mucus to catch containing lysozymes
ciliated epithelial cells (lungs)

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4
Q

Soluable factors (innate)

A

Lysozymes
phagocytes and H2O2 production
HCL in stomach
Compliment proteins
Interferon cytokines

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5
Q

Compliment proteins

A

Serum glycoproteins that are activated by innate immune response and induce cytotoxicity to pathogen

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6
Q

Interferon cytokines

A

antiviral glycoproteins, get released when a cell is infected by a virus

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7
Q

Five cardinal signs of inflammatory response

A

Rubor (redness)
Calor (heat)
Dolor (pain)
Tumor (swelling)
Functio-laesia (loss of function)

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8
Q

Pluripotent haematopoetic cell lines

A

Lymphoid (forms adaptive immune B and T cells)
Myeloid (becomes polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
Erythroid (makes megakaryocytic then platelets)

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9
Q

Neutrophil

A

From Myeloid precursor
Does phagocytosis to kill pathogens
They die and are degraded by macrophages into pus

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10
Q

Eosinophil

A

From Myeloid precursor
Kills parasites marked by antibodies by releasing granule contents

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11
Q

Basophil

A

From Myeloid precursor
Method unknown

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12
Q

Dendritic cell

A

From Myeloid precursor
Site of communication to activate T cells (has dendrites to increase SA and signal response)

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13
Q

Mast cell

A

Excludes parasites by release of histamine

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14
Q

Monocyte

A

precursor to macrophage

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15
Q

Macrophage

A

Phagocytosis of pathogens and activated T cells and immune response

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16
Q

Leukocyte proportions

A

Neutrophil 40-75
Eosinophil 1-6
Basophil <1
Monocyte 2-10
Lymphocyte 20-50

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17
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow
Thymus
Where lymphocytes develop and mature

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18
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissues

A

Spleen
Adenoids
Tonsils
Appendix
Lymph nodes
Peters patches
Mature lymphocytes are stimulated

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19
Q

GALT

A

Gut associated lymphoid tissue
Tonsils, adenoids, appendix, peyers patches

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20
Q

BALT

A

Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue
No fibrous capsule just aggregates

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21
Q

MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
no fibrous capsule just aggregates

22
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Where many lymph vessels join (anastomosing)
Contains mature lymphocytes that filter through the lymph containing pathogens

23
Q

Lymph return to venous

A

Subclavian vein in the neck

24
Q

Mature lymphocyte circulation

A

1 Organs -> blood stream -> 2 organs -> lymphatics to return to blood or tissue `

25
Q

Spleen

A

2 Organ where RBC are broken down, contains no lymphatic connections but does contain white pulp fill of B cells

26
Q

Antibody, Immunoglobulin, Ig

A

protein made in B cells on the surface or secreted

27
Q

T-cell receptors

A

TCR’s are found on the surface of T cells to recognize antigen and define the T cell

28
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response. Bound by immunoglobulin or TCRs

29
Q

Epitope

A

Antigenic determinant, this is where the antibodies paratope binds
Most antigens are multivalent with many epitopes bind to all types

30
Q

Adaptive immunity attributes

A

Specificity (many antibodies)
Amplification (once found it grows)
Modulation (change of Ig isotypes)
Memory (secondary immune response)

31
Q

Draw the primary and secondary immune response curve

A

Lecture 1 slide 48

32
Q

Overall Aby stucture

A

4 chains (to heavy and to light)
disulfide bonds to connect (covalent)
N-terminus in variable region
C-terminus in constant region

33
Q

Papain

A

Fab (fragment antigen binding) x2
Fc (fragment crystallizable)

34
Q

Pepsin

A

F(ab’)2 large 2 arm fragment
degraded Fc

35
Q

Heavy chain isotypes

A

GAMED
IgG = Gamma
A = Alpha (Dimer or monomer)
M = Mew (3 C domains) (pentamer)
E = Epsilon (3 C domains)
D = Delta

36
Q

Light Chain isotypes

A

Kappa and Lambda

37
Q

Paratope

A

Antigen binding site on Aby
Has framework regions (FR)
hypervariable regions (HV) loops or complementaity determining regions (CDR)

38
Q

Aby isotypes

A

Have differing Fc regions that cause different responses when they find an epitope to bind. They are glycosylated in the SER or Golgi

39
Q

Fragments light chains isotypes

A

V-Variable, J-Joining, C-constant

40
Q

fragments of heavy chain isotypes

A

V-Variable, D-diversity, J-joining, C-constant, MC- membrane coding

41
Q

Fragment recombination

A

Via RAG-1 and RAG-2
Recombination activation gene
Cut based off recombination signal sequences of heptameter or nonamer that are separated by 12 and 23 BP spacers (12/23 rule)

42
Q

Allelic exclusion

A

The idea that once specificity is cut out of the fragment it cannot be changed.

43
Q

Affinity maturation

A

Once selectivity is chosen only random mutations in the CDRs can increase specificity over time (rapid replication increases the speed of mutation

44
Q

Joining chain

A

Chain that joins type A or M Aby isotypes

45
Q

Isotope order

A

Starts with many IgM to capture lots of antigen, then some IgD in primary response. then diversifies into other types

46
Q

IgM

A

Pentamer, First to be secreated to kickstart immune response, very good at triggering compliment system, Short Half-life

47
Q

IgD

A

Doesn’t really have any standout feature other than it is one of the first secreted along with IgM

48
Q

IgG

A

The most prominent Aby that is good at everything besides crossing epithelium

49
Q

IgA

A

Dimer or monomer, is really good at crossing epithelium in its dimer form and getting too mucus membranes

50
Q

IgE

A

is a bitch and is taken up by mast cells for allergic response, very short half-life

51
Q

12/23 rule

A

coding sections (V,D,J,C) are flanked by heptameters followed by 12 or 23 BP, 12 and 12 or 23 and 23 can’t be recombined so that the order is correct.

Pharm 310 Immunology (7 decks)

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