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Pharm 310 Immunology > Allergic response and autoimmune > Flashcards

Allergic response and autoimmune Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylactic, due to inhaled particulate, IgE on granulocyte cells (mast cells, eosinophils)

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2
Q

Mast cell soup

A

Enzymes for tissue remodelling, histamine and heparin (usually to fight parasites). TNF-alpha

Produced after, lots of IL, chemokine (CCL3), leukotrienes, platelet activation factor

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3
Q

IL-4 and 13

A

Mast cell
Stimulate and amplify Th2 response, IL-4 is key for selecting IgE production in b-cells

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4
Q

IL-3 and 5

A

Mast cell and eosinophil
promote eosinophil production and activation (type 1 response)

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5
Q

CCL3

A

mast cell
chemokine for leukocytes

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6
Q

Leukotrienes

A

smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, mucus production

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7
Q

Platelet activating factor

A

chemotactic, increases lipid mediators

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8
Q

Arachidonic acid

A

membrane fatty acid converted to leukotrienes or prostaglandins

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9
Q

Mast cell effect on GI

A

increased fluid secretion and peristalsis to move things out

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10
Q

Mast cell effect on airways

A

inflammation and increase mucus secretion

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11
Q

Mast cell effect on BV

A

increased blood flow and permeability, increased lymph flow and inflammation

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12
Q

Eosinophil location

A

underlying epithelial/ mucosal surfaces (respiratory, GI, urogenital tract), very little in blood

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13
Q

Eosinophil soup

A

immediate
Peroxidase (kills and triggers histamine from mast cells),collagenase,major basic protein (toxic releases histamine), eosinophilcationic protein (neurotoxin)
Produced
IL 3 and 5 (increase eosinophil production in bone marrow), CXCL8 chemokine, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor

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14
Q

Eosinophil peroxidase

A

Eosinophil
toxic via halogenation, also triggers release of histamine from mast cells

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15
Q

Eosinophil collagenase

A

remodels connective matrix

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16
Q

major basic protein

A

eosinophil
toxic to parasites and our cells, also triggers histamine release from mast cells

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17
Q

eosiznophilcationic protein

A

toxic to parasites and neurotoxin

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18
Q

Basophil granules

A

IL-4 and IL-13 for Th2 activation

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19
Q

GI type 1 reaction

A

activated mast cells degranulate into BV causing wide spread urticaria, SMC issues, vomiting and diarrhea

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20
Q

Pharmacological Tx

A

-Block pathways (histamine antagonist)
-suppress leukocytes (steroids)
-Prevent degranulation (cromolyn)
-constrict BV and SMC (epinephrine)

21
Q

IgE desensitization

A

Shift towards IgG4, series of Ag injections gradually increased

22
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic
small molecules covalently bound to human cells, forms an Ag looking structure which IgG attaches to and activates.
E.G penicillin

23
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex
forms small insoluble complexes of Ag and Aby that deposit on BV, kidneys or lungs and activate complement causing
Happens when there is too little Aby and complement does not clear it in the infected tissue
inflammation

24
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity cause

A

can happen when inj. with a Aby from another species (serum sickness) within 4-10 days
fever, arthralgia, GI upset, decrease complement conc, lymphadenopathy

25
Q

Type 3 rash

A

Forms polycyclic wheal swelling, over lap but have clear dot in the middle. everywhere, oral oedema without mucus

26
Q

type 3 arthus Rx

A

local erythema and hard induration (can’t pop) after SC Ag injection (tetanus, diphtheria)

27
Q

Farmers lung

A

type 3 reaction from inhaled Ag depositing complexes in lungs

28
Q

Type 2 and 3 treatment

A

Discontinue
mild: antihistamines
anaphylaxis: epinephrine, O2, Airway, ECG monitor

29
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Delayed type or contact type
Ag and T-cells mostly Th1 from sting or bite, CD8 t-cells from lipid small molecules (plant toxins), also immune rejection

30
Q

Delayed type reaction

A

proteins from insects or bacteria
erythema, induration, dermatitis, edema

31
Q

Contact type reaction

A

from haptens (small toxins) or metals
erythema, edema, dermatitis

32
Q

Type 4 treatment

A

avoid contact, monitor for infection from scratching, steroids, cyclosporine, immunotherapy

33
Q

Autoimmune start

A

begins with one of the hypersensitivity types (2,3 or 4) nothing has been linked with IgE

34
Q

Autoimmune Type 2

A

usually target RBC, IgG and IgM are targeting RBC Ag and activating complement (MAC, opsonization C3b, spleen)

35
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Type 3 complexes with bacterial Ag confused for self Ag causing renal failure

36
Q

Mixed essential cryoglobuliemia

A

type 3 complexes with Rheumatoid factor causing vasculitis

37
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Type 3 complexes with DNA, histones, ribosomes causing renal failure, vasculitis or arthritis

38
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

type 4 T-cells target beta cells

39
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

type 4 T-cell attack unknown synovial joint antigen to cause inflamm

40
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

type 4 T-cell attacks myelin and proteolipid protein causing brain degenerate and paralysis

41
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

2-3 weeks following S. pyogenes (strep) Aby cross reacts with heart tissue causing inflamm in heart, joints and kidneys

42
Q

Lyme disease

A

From Borrelia bacteria in tick bites, causes bullseye rash and can be treated with doxycycline
can show signs of neurological Sx/fatigue and predispose you to autoimmune arthritis

43
Q

Linkage disequilibrium

A

HLA proteins in the polymorphic and highly polymorphic group have more of a chance to predispose you to a certain disease

44
Q

Type 1 intravenous response

A

vascular permeability increase leading to circulatory collapse
Tracheal occlusion

45
Q

Type 1 SC response

A

wheal and flare reaction from increased swelling

46
Q

type 1 inhaled (nose)

A

congestion, irritation, hay fever

47
Q

type 1 inhaled (lungs)

A

bronchial constriction, increased mucus, asthma

48
Q

type 1 food allergy

A

vomiting, pruritis, urticaria, anaphylaxis

49
Q

penicillin Rx

A

can cause type 2 (cytotoxic) reaction by attaching to RBC instead of tranpeptidase. marking it for Aby and destruction

Pharm 310 Immunology (7 decks)

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